Nursing Elites

1. Which statement about epidural analgesia is true?

• A. It numbs the entire lower half of the body.
• B. It limits pain reduction to the pelvic region.
• C. It strengthens uterine contractions.
• D. It shortens the length of labor.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct statement about epidural analgesia is that it limits pain reduction to the pelvic region by blocking nerve signals from that specific area, providing pain relief during labor and delivery. Choice A is incorrect because epidural analgesia does not numb the entire lower half of the body. Choice C is incorrect because epidural analgesia does not strengthen uterine contractions; in fact, it may sometimes weaken them. Choice D is incorrect because epidural analgesia does not shorten the length of labor; it can sometimes prolong labor.

2. Nine-year-old Krista gives part of her allowance to charity and collects canned goods for the food bank through her scout troop. Krista is developing __________.

• A. pride
• B. empathy
• C. guilt
• D. inferiority

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: empathy. Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others, which is a crucial social development in childhood. In this scenario, Krista's actions of giving to charity and collecting goods for the food bank demonstrate her growing empathy towards those in need. Choice A, pride, does not capture the essence of understanding and sharing others' feelings. Choice C, guilt, is not appropriate as there is no indication that Krista feels guilty about her actions. Choice D, inferiority, is unrelated to the positive behavior displayed by Krista.

3. Newborns of smoking mothers __________.

• A. are more attentive to sounds
• B. display more muscle tension
• C. less often have colic
• D. are less excitable when visually stimulated Answer: B Page Ref: 84 Skill Level: Understand known or suspected teratogens. Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 12 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Newborns of smoking mothers display more muscle tension. This is because nicotine in cigarettes can lead to increased muscle tension in babies, which can affect their physical development and potentially lead to future health issues. This is one of the negative effects of smoking during pregnancy on the developing fetus.

4. Dr. Faulkner believes that directly observable events, such as stimuli and responses, are the appropriate focus of the study of development. Dr. Faulkner probably follows the __________ perspective of development.

• A. psychosexual
• B. psychosocial
• C. behaviorist
• D. cognitive-developmental

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dr. Faulkner's focus on directly observable events, such as stimuli and responses, aligns with the behaviorist perspective of development. Behaviorism emphasizes the influence of the environment on individual behavior and learning, with a strong emphasis on observable actions rather than internal mental processes or stages of development. Choice A, psychosexual, is associated with Freud's theory focusing on stages of psychosexual development. Choice B, psychosocial, is linked to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. Choice D, cognitive-developmental, is related to Piaget's theory emphasizing cognitive development stages.

5. Kathryn would like to give birth in a medical facility that permits maternal control over labor and delivery, including choice of delivery positions, and allows the presence of family members and friends. Kathryn should consider giving birth at a __________.

• A. private home
• B. local hospital
• C. doula center
• D. freestanding birth center

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Kathryn should consider giving birth at a freestanding birth center. Freestanding birth centers provide a setting where women can have more control over their labor and delivery experience, including the choice of delivery positions, the presence of family members and friends, and involvement in decision-making throughout the process. These centers offer a more home-like environment compared to hospitals while still providing access to medical support if needed. Choices A (private home) and B (local hospital) do not necessarily guarantee the level of control and facilities Kathryn seeks. While a doula center (Choice C) can provide additional support during labor, it may not offer the same level of medical facilities and control over the birthing process as a freestanding birth center.

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