Nursing Elites

1. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Vitamin E
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, not vitamin E. The symptoms of scurvy include spontaneous gingival hemorrhaging, perifollicular petechiae, follicular hyperkeratosis, diarrhea, fatigue, depression, and cessation of bone growth. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function, Vitamin D (Choice B) is essential for bone health, and Vitamin K (Choice D) is necessary for blood clotting. However, none of these vitamins are associated with scurvy.

2. Dental hygienists are in a key position to assess and detect signs and symptoms of systemic disease because more than one third of the patients treated in a dental office frequently do not interact with a general health care provider.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Dental hygienists often see patients more regularly than general healthcare providers, allowing them to identify systemic issues early.

3. Which factor has been shown to increase the risk of development of atherosclerosis?

• A. Menopause
• B. Age older than 35
• C. Increased levels of arachidonic acid
• D. Elevated HDL cholesterol

Correct answer: A: Menopause

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Menopause. Menopause is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis due to hormonal changes that affect lipid profiles and vascular health. Conversely, B: Age older than 35 is not necessarily a risk factor for atherosclerosis on its own, though atherosclerosis risk does generally increase with age. C: Increased levels of arachidonic acid is not specifically linked to atherosclerosis; it's a fatty acid that can be both beneficial and harmful to health depending on its metabolic pathway. D: Elevated HDL cholesterol is actually beneficial rather than harmful because HDL cholesterol is known as 'good' cholesterol that helps to reduce the risk of heart disease and atherosclerosis.

4. A nurse is teaching a client about strategies to prevent constipation. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. Drinking four to five glasses of water per day will prevent constipation.
• B. I should consume mineral oil once per day.
• C. Eating foods high in fiber will make elimination easier.
• D. I can skip a meal if I feel bloated.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Eating foods high in fiber increases stool bulk and promotes easier elimination, thus preventing constipation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Drinking water is important, but the emphasis should be on high-fiber foods. Mineral oil is not a recommended first-line treatment for constipation, and skipping meals can disrupt regular bowel movements, potentially leading to constipation.

5. Which statement about essential nutrients should the nurse include?

• A. Fat-containing foods can help to decrease triglyceride levels.
• B. Animal sources of protein contain 20 essential amino acids.
• C. Carbohydrates are the primary source of fuel for muscles and the brain.
• D. High-fiber foods are a good source of energy.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because carbohydrates are indeed the primary source of fuel for muscles and the brain. Choice A is incorrect because while certain fats are essential, they do not help decrease triglyceride levels. Choice B is incorrect because animal sources of protein do not contain all 20 essential amino acids. Choice D is incorrect because although high-fiber foods are important for digestion and overall health, they are not a direct source of energy.

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