pregnant women are wise to avoid eating which are heavily contaminated with copyright 2018 laura e berk all rights reserved 14 test bank for berk d
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Human Growth and Development Exam Questions

1. Pregnant women are wise to avoid eating __________, which are heavily contaminated with __________.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Pregnant women are wise to avoid eating long-lived predatory fish, which are heavily contaminated with mercury. Mercury is a known teratogen, meaning it can negatively impact the development of the fetus and lead to birth defects. It is recommended that pregnant women choose fish with lower levels of mercury to reduce potential risks to the baby's health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because lead, polychlorinated biphenyls, and radiation are not typically found in fish at levels that pose significant risks to pregnant women and the developing fetus.

2. Children in middle childhood are in Piaget's _______ stage, which extends from about 7 to 11 years.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: concrete operational. During the concrete operational stage, children start to engage in logical thinking about concrete events. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 7 to 11 years. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The sensorimotor stage (choice A) is the first stage in Piaget's theory, occurring from birth to about 2 years old. The preoperational stage (choice B) follows the sensorimotor stage and occurs roughly from ages 2 to 7 years. The formal operational stage (choice D) is the final stage in Piaget's theory, where abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning develop, usually beginning around age 11.

3. Central to Piaget's theory is the concept of __________.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Central to Piaget's theory is the concept of adaptation, which refers to the process by which individuals adjust to new information and experiences by modifying their existing cognitive structures. Piaget believed that this process of adaptation involved two key components: assimilation, where individuals incorporate new information into their existing schemas, and accommodation, where individuals adjust their schemas to fit new information. This concept highlights the dynamic nature of cognitive development and the importance of interaction between individuals and their environment in shaping intellectual growth. Choice A, 'imitation,' is incorrect as Piaget's theory focuses on how individuals actively construct their understanding of the world through their interactions with it, rather than simply imitating others. Choice C, 'self-efficacy,' is not the central concept in Piaget's theory; self-efficacy is a concept from Bandura's social cognitive theory. Choice D, 'scaffolding,' is associated with Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, not Piaget's theory.

4. Development is best understood as __________.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Development is best understood as a series of complex exchanges between nature (genetic factors) and nurture (environmental influences). This perspective emphasizes the interaction and interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental experiences in shaping an individual's development. Choices A and B are too extreme as they suggest that development is solely determined by genetics or solely influenced by the environment, which is not the case. Choice C is incorrect as development is not viewed as an unsolvable puzzle but rather as a dynamic process influenced by multiple factors.

5. Which factor disrupts the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Reduced sleep is the correct answer as it affects hormones that regulate hunger and metabolism, leading to increased appetite and weight gain. Self-regulation is not directly related to the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism. Frequent eating out may impact food choices and portion sizes but is not specifically linked to disrupting the brain's regulation. Using screen media can affect sleep patterns but is not as directly related to the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism as reduced sleep.

Similar Questions

Dana is pregnant with her first child and wonders how much weight she should gain during the pregnancy. You should recommend a healthy diet that results in a weight gain of __________ pounds.
Where does the male produce sperm, and where are these glands located?
Vygotsky's emphasis on culture and social experience led him to __________.
Which Apgar criterion can be more difficult to apply to newborns of all races?
Liz is 36 weeks pregnant. A rise in her baby's heart rate is probably followed within five seconds by __________.

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