Nursing Elites

1. According to Erikson, __________ occurs when aging adults feel they have made many wrong decisions, yet time is too short to find an alternate route to integrity.

• A. mistrust
• B. despair
• C. stagnation
• D. isolation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, despair is the stage that aging adults face when they reflect on their life and feel they have not achieved their goals, with little time left to correct their mistakes. Mistrust (choice A) is associated with infancy, stagnation (choice C) with middle adulthood, and isolation (choice D) with young adulthood, and are not relevant to the described scenario of aging adults reflecting on their life decisions.

2. Dr. Wu observes children’s responses to bullying by watching them play in a park. This is an example of a(n) __________.

• A. ethnographic study
• B. naturalistic observation
• C. structured observation
• D. clinical interview Answer: B Page Ref: 28 Skill Level: Apply Topic: Studying Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dr. Wu's observation of children's responses to bullying by watching them play in a park is an example of naturalistic observation. Naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in a natural setting without any manipulation or intervention. Dr. Wu is simply observing the children's behavior in a real-world setting to gain insights into how they respond to bullying, making it a naturalistic observation.

3. Critics worry that fetal monitoring __________.

• A. numbs the entire lower half of the body, making it difficult to feel contractions
• B. is not helpful in detecting hidden problems with the baby
• C. identifies babies as in danger who, in fact, are not
• D. increases the likelihood of infant brain damage

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Critics worry that fetal monitoring may identify babies as in danger who, in fact, are not. This can lead to unnecessary interventions and stress for the parents. It is important to carefully consider the accuracy and benefits of fetal monitoring to avoid unnecessary harm to both the mother and the baby. Choice A is incorrect because fetal monitoring does not cause numbness in the lower half of the body. Choice B is incorrect as fetal monitoring is helpful in detecting hidden problems with the baby. Choice D is incorrect as there is no direct link between fetal monitoring and an increased likelihood of infant brain damage.

4. The more alcohol a woman consumes during pregnancy, the __________.

• A. higher the birth weight of the child
• B. greater the likelihood of ARND instead of FAS or p-FAS
• C. poorer the child's achievement scores in the school years
• D. greater the child's speed of information processing

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'poorer the child's achievement scores in the school years.' Prenatal exposure to alcohol has been linked to a range of cognitive and behavioral difficulties, including lower academic achievement in children. These difficulties may manifest as poor achievement scores in later school years. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because alcohol consumption during pregnancy is not associated with higher birth weight of the child, the likelihood of ARND instead of FAS or p-FAS, or greater speed of information processing in the child.

5. Babies who spend more time alert are likely to have __________.

• A. parents who feel incompetent
• B. a slight advantage in mental development
• C. a big disadvantage in social development
• D. parents who must exert great effort to soothe them

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Babies who spend more time alert are likely to have a slight advantage in mental development. Being alert allows babies to engage with their surroundings, explore, and learn, which can contribute to their cognitive development. This is different from social development, which is more related to interactions with others, and not necessarily impacted by the amount of alertness a baby displays. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because there is no direct correlation between a baby's alertness and their parents' feelings of incompetence, a big disadvantage in social development, or the effort parents need to soothe them.

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