most behavioral disorders are determined exclusively by

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Psychology 101 Exam 3 Test

1. Most behavioral disorders are determined primarily by ________.

A. genetics
B. upbringing
C. diet
D. environment

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Genetics play a significant role in the development of behavioral disorders. While upbringing, diet, and environment can also influence behavior, genetics are often the primary factor in determining behavioral disorders. Choice B (upbringing) can contribute to behavior but is not the sole determinant of behavioral disorders. Choice C (diet) can impact behavior but is not the primary factor in behavioral disorders. Choice D (environment) can also influence behavior, but genetics typically play a more significant role in determining behavioral disorders.

2. The early approach in psychology that fostered the development of modern-day applied psychology was?

A. Structuralism
B. Behaviorism
C. Functionalism
D. Pragmatism

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Functionalism is the correct answer. Functionalism was an early approach in psychology that emphasized the practical applications of psychological research, laying the groundwork for modern-day applied psychology. Structuralism, focusing on the structure of the mind, and Behaviorism, emphasizing observable behaviors, were more theoretical in nature and did not directly lead to applied psychology. Pragmatism is a philosophical approach and not a specific early psychological theory.

3. Daniel is pretending that one of his blocks is a car. Daniel is exhibiting which function?

A. Abstraction
B. Preoperational
C. Overextension
D. Semiotic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Abstraction. Pretending that a block is a car demonstrates abstraction, where one object is used to represent another. Choice B, Preoperational, refers to Piaget's stage of cognitive development. Choice C, Overextension, involves using a word in a broader context than is appropriate. Choice D, Semiotic, refers to the use of symbols to represent ideas or concepts, which is not directly related to the scenario described in the question.

4. A predisposition toward developing a disorder is termed a ________.

A. diathesis
B. comorbidity
C. genotype
D. phenotype

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A diathesis is indeed the correct term for a predisposition toward developing a disorder. A diathesis refers to an underlying vulnerability or predisposition to a particular condition. Choice B, 'comorbidity,' refers to the presence of two or more disorders in the same individual. Choice C, 'genotype,' relates to an individual's genetic makeup. Choice D, 'phenotype,' refers to the observable characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. Therefore, A is the most appropriate term for describing a predisposition toward developing a disorder.

5. The site of chemical communication in the brain is the ________.

A. neuron
B. synapse
C. axon
D. dendrite

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The synapse is the correct answer. It is the site where communication between neurons occurs through the release and reception of neurotransmitters. Choice A, neuron, is incorrect as it is the cell itself rather than a specific site of communication. Choice C, axon, is also incorrect as it is a part of the neuron that transmits signals away from the cell body. Choice D, dendrite, is not the correct answer either, as dendrites receive signals from other neurons but do not release neurotransmitters for communication.