Nursing Elites

1. Mang Carlos has a standing DNR order. He then suddenly stopped breathing and you are at his bedside. You would:

• A. Give extraordinary measures to save Mang Carlos
• B. Stay with Mang Carlos and Do nothing
• C. Call the physician
• D. Activate Code Blue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

2. What best describes a task of the registered dietitian?

• A. administering total parenteral nutrition
• B. administering formula through feeding tubes
• C. prescribing diet orders
• D. conducting nutrition assessments

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, conducting nutrition assessments. Registered dietitians are responsible for assessing an individual's nutritional status, dietary intake, and health needs. This assessment forms the basis for developing personalized nutrition care plans. Choices A and B involve the administration of specialized nutrition support, which is typically done by healthcare providers with specific training in those areas. Choice C, prescribing diet orders, may fall outside the scope of practice for a dietitian as they focus more on assessment, education, and counseling related to nutrition rather than prescribing medical treatments.

3. Which ethnic group has the lowest rates of type 2 diabetes?

• A. Caucasians
• B. Asian Indians
• C. Pacific Islanders
• D. African Americans

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Statistical data suggest that Caucasians generally have lower rates of type 2 diabetes compared to the other ethnic groups listed in the choices. This is not to say that Caucasians are immune to the disease, but rather that they have fewer reported instances. On the other hand, African Americans and Pacific Islanders are often identified as groups with a significantly higher risk and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Asian Indians also exhibit higher rates compared to Caucasians. It is important to note that these are general trends observed in statistical data, and individual health outcomes can vary based on various factors such as lifestyle, diet, and genetics, among others. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Caucasians because they generally have the lowest rates of type 2 diabetes when compared to the other ethnic groups mentioned.

4. According to the DASH Eating Plan, Carmen's daily sodium intake should not exceed how many milligrams to ensure the plan's effectiveness?

• A. 1000 milligrams
• B. 2500 milligrams
• C. 3000 milligrams
• D. 1500 milligrams

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The DASH Eating Plan is designed to lower blood pressure and is most effective when daily sodium intake is limited to 1500 milligrams or less. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer. Choices A (1000 milligrams), B (2500 milligrams), and C (3000 milligrams) are incorrect because they either fall below or exceed the recommended daily sodium intake for the DASH Eating Plan.

5. What should be recommended to help prevent early childhood caries (ECC) in infants?

• A. Avoid giving the infant nighttime bottles
• B. Have the infant drink pasteurized skim milk
• C. Feed the infant iron-rich foods
• D. Give the infant fruit juice to drink

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Avoid giving the infant nighttime bottles' because prolonged exposure to sugars in milk during the night can lead to caries. Options 'B: Have the infant drink pasteurized skim milk' and 'D: Give the infant fruit juice to drink' are not recommended as they contain sugars that can cause cavities, especially in infants. Option 'C: Feed the infant iron-rich foods' is incorrect because while a balanced diet is important, iron-rich foods do not directly prevent caries development.

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