Nursing Elites

1. Which student lunch is the least nutritious?

• A. Ham sandwich, apple, and milk
• B. Hamburger, fries, and soft drink
• C. Macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches
• D. Meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - 'Hamburger, fries, and soft drink' as it contains foods high in unhealthy fats, sugars, and low nutritional value. A hamburger, fries, and a soft drink are considered less nutritious compared to the other options. Choice A includes a ham sandwich, apple, and milk, which provide a balance of protein, fiber, and calcium. Choice C consists of macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches, offering a mix of carbohydrates, vegetables, and fruits. Choice D contains meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices, which provide a good source of protein, vitamins, and fiber. Therefore, option B is the least nutritious among the given choices.

2. Any disease that produces ____ malabsorption can bring about deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K.

• A. water
• B. protein
• C. fat
• D. carbs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they require fat for absorption. Diseases that cause fat malabsorption can lead to deficiencies in these vitamins.

3. Which symptoms are associated with cancer of the colon?

• A. constipation, ascites, and mucus in the stool
• B. diarrhea, heartburn, and eructation
• C. blood in the stools, anemia, and 'pencil-shaped' stools
• D. anorexia, hematemesis, and increased peristalsis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct symptoms associated with cancer of the colon are blood in the stools, anemia, and 'pencil-shaped' stools. These symptoms are classic indicators of colorectal cancer. Choices A, B, and D do not typically present in colorectal cancer. Constipation, ascites, and mucus in the stool are more commonly associated with other gastrointestinal conditions. Diarrhea, heartburn, and eructation are not typical symptoms of colon cancer. Anorexia, hematemesis, and increased peristalsis are more indicative of other gastrointestinal issues and not specific to colon cancer.

4. Individuals who use antiretroviral drugs frequently develop insulin resistance and _____.

• A. hypertension
• B. hypothyroidism
• C. hyperlipidemia
• D. fluid retention

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: hyperlipidemia. Antiretroviral drugs can often lead to elevated lipid levels (hyperlipidemia), which is a common side effect of this therapy. This increase in lipids can contribute to cardiovascular risk. Hypertension (choice A) is not typically associated with antiretroviral drug use. Hypothyroidism (choice B) and fluid retention (choice D) are also not commonly linked to antiretroviral therapy.

5. What does oliguria lead to in patients with acute kidney injury?

• A. Hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue
• B. An increase in blood potassium levels due to excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone
• C. Sodium retention and elevated levels of potassium
• D. Edema due to increased urine production

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria (reduced urine output) often results in sodium retention and hyperkalemia (elevated levels of potassium). This is due to the kidneys' decreased capacity to excrete these substances. Choice A is incorrect because hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue are not direct consequences of oliguria in acute kidney injury. Choice B is incorrect because an increase in blood potassium levels is not caused by excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone but rather by decreased excretion of potassium. Choice D is incorrect because edema is not caused by increased urine production but rather by fluid overload due to decreased urine output.

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