Nursing Elites

1. Reducing the amount of trans fat in the diet is an effective method of decreasing the risk of CHD. Which food is most likely a source of trans fat?

• A. hot dogs
• B. whole milk
• C. fatty fish
• D. potato chips

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: potato chips. Potato chips, especially when fried in hydrogenated oils, are a common source of trans fats, which are linked to an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Hot dogs (choice A) can also contain trans fats if made with processed meats and added fats. Whole milk (choice B) and fatty fish (choice C) do not typically contain trans fats, making them less likely sources compared to potato chips.

2. After ileostomy, which of the following condition is NOT expected?

• A. Increased weight
• B. Irritation of skin around the stoma
• C. Liquid stool
• D. Establishment of regular bowel movement

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

3. Which enzyme digests fiber in the large intestine?

• A. salivary amylase
• B. pancreatic amylase
• C. cellulase
• D. none of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'none of the above.' Human digestive enzymes like salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase cannot digest fiber. Instead, fiber is fermented by gut bacteria in the large intestine. Cellulase, which is an enzyme produced by some animals and microorganisms, can break down cellulose found in plants, but it is not a human digestive enzyme, making it an incorrect choice in this context.

4. A client who follows the dietary laws of Orthodox Judaism is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following meal choices should the nurse request for the client?

• A. Turkey and cheese sandwich
• B. Spaghetti with tomato sauce
• C. Pork chop and applesauce
• D. Scrambled eggs and bacon

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct meal choice for a client following the dietary laws of Orthodox Judaism is 'Spaghetti with tomato sauce.' Orthodox Judaism prohibits mixing meat and dairy and consuming pork. The other choices - 'Turkey and cheese sandwich' (mixing meat and dairy), 'Pork chop and applesauce' (contains pork), and 'Scrambled eggs and bacon' (mixing meat and dairy) - do not adhere to the kosher dietary laws.

5. After consuming a meal high in fat, the _____ releases _______ to aid in digestion.

• A. stomach, acid
• B. liver, bile
• C. pancreas, bicarbonate
• D. gallbladder, bile

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine to help digest fats. Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for easier digestion. The stomach primarily releases gastric acid, the liver produces bile but stores it in the gallbladder, and the pancreas secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.

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