Nursing Elites

1. What should be recommended to help prevent early childhood caries (ECC) in infants?

• A. Avoid giving the infant nighttime bottles
• B. Have the infant drink pasteurized skim milk
• C. Feed the infant iron-rich foods
• D. Give the infant fruit juice to drink

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Avoid giving the infant nighttime bottles' because prolonged exposure to sugars in milk during the night can lead to caries. Options 'B: Have the infant drink pasteurized skim milk' and 'D: Give the infant fruit juice to drink' are not recommended as they contain sugars that can cause cavities, especially in infants. Option 'C: Feed the infant iron-rich foods' is incorrect because while a balanced diet is important, iron-rich foods do not directly prevent caries development.

2. You notice that Miss Kate, a bread vendor, receives and changes money, then holds the bread without washing her hands. As a nurse, what should you say to Miss Kate?

• A. Miss, don't touch the bread, I'll be the one to pick it up.
• B. Miss, please wash your hands before you pick up the bread.
• C. Miss, use a pick-up forceps when picking up the bread.
• D. Miss, your hands are dirty, I guess I'll try another bread shop.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, as it emphasizes the importance of hygiene in food handling, which is crucial to prevent the spread of germs and diseases. The other options do not address the root of the issue, which is the unhygienic handling of food. Option A avoids direct confrontation but does not educate the vendor on proper hygiene. Option C, although it suggests a hygienic method, may not be practical or available in all situations. Option D is an avoidance strategy rather than a way to address the problem.

3. Which of the following converts starch to disaccharides, and this reaction occurs in the _____?

• A. pancreatic amylases, small intestine
• B. brush border enzymes, small intestine
• C. luminal enzymes, large intestine
• D. pancreatic amylases, pancreas

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Pancreatic amylases break down starch into disaccharides in the small intestine. This process occurs in the small intestine, not the large intestine or pancreas. Brush border enzymes act on disaccharides to break them down into monosaccharides, while luminal enzymes are not specifically involved in the conversion of starch to disaccharides.

4. Is the loss of teeth or supporting periodontium often associated with poor food selection and limited chewing ability, and do the patients' masticatory efficiency and biting force decline with each tooth lost?

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are indeed true. The loss of teeth or supporting periodontium frequently leads to poor food selection and limited chewing ability, as these conditions can make certain foods difficult to consume. Additionally, a patient's masticatory efficiency and biting force do decline with each tooth lost, as there are fewer teeth to distribute the force of the bite. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest that one or both of these statements are false, which is not the case.

5. For patients with anemia, which vitamin is crucial for the absorption of iron?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin C. Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron, which is crucial for patients with anemia. Vitamin A (Choice A) is not directly involved in iron absorption. Vitamin D (Choice C) helps with calcium absorption, not iron. Vitamin E (Choice D) does not have a significant role in iron absorption.

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