ATI RN
Psychology 2301 Exam 1
1. How do defense mechanisms contribute to psychopathology?
- A. They do not contribute to psychopathology as they are healthy coping mechanisms.
- B. They contribute to psychopathology by allowing individuals to avoid confronting painful realities.
- C. Defense mechanisms have no connection to psychopathology.
- D. Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies that can lead to the development of psychopathology.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Defense mechanisms contribute to psychopathology by allowing individuals to avoid confronting painful realities. This avoidance can prevent individuals from dealing with underlying issues, leading to the development or exacerbation of psychopathological conditions. Choice A is incorrect because while defense mechanisms may serve as coping mechanisms, they can also contribute to psychopathology when used excessively or inappropriately. Choice C is incorrect as defense mechanisms are indeed connected to psychopathology. Choice D is incorrect because defense mechanisms, when maladaptive, can contribute to psychopathology rather than being considered healthy coping strategies.
2. During a well-child visit, a nurse is assessing a three-year-old toddler. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Blood pressure 90/50
- B. Respiratory rate 45/min
- C. Weight 14.5 kg or 32 lb
- D. Heart rate 110/min
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A respiratory rate of 45/min is above the expected reference range for a 3-year-old toddler and may indicate respiratory dysfunction or acute respiratory distress. It is essential for the nurse to report this finding promptly to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and intervention.
3. A nurse is preparing to administer an IV medication to a client who reports a latex allergy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Place the client in a supine position.
- B. Use non-latex gloves when administering the medication.
- C. Use latex-free syringes when administering the medication.
- D. Administer the medication through a latex-free IV port.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct action the nurse should take when preparing to administer an IV medication to a client with a latex allergy is to administer the medication through a latex-free IV port. This measure helps prevent allergic reactions in clients with a known latex allergy. Placing the client in a supine position (Choice A) is not directly related to preventing a latex allergy reaction. Using non-latex gloves (Choice B) is important for protecting the nurse or caregiver from latex exposure but does not prevent the client's allergic reaction. While using latex-free syringes (Choice C) is a good practice, ensuring the IV port is latex-free is more crucial in preventing an allergic response in the client.
4. A healthcare professional is reviewing the lab results of a client with liver disease. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Elevated bilirubin levels
- B. Low albumin levels
- C. Elevated ammonia levels
- D. Low hemoglobin levels
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Elevated ammonia levels in a client with liver disease can lead to hepatic encephalopathy, requiring immediate intervention. Ammonia is a neurotoxin that can cause cognitive impairment and altered mental status. Elevated bilirubin levels (Choice A) are common in liver disease but do not require immediate intervention. Low albumin levels (Choice B) and low hemoglobin levels (Choice D) are also common in liver disease but do not pose an immediate threat compared to elevated ammonia levels.
5. The nurse has received a report from the emergency department that a patient with tuberculosis will be coming to the unit. Which items will the nurse need to care for this patient?
- A. N95 respirator, gown, gloves, eyewear
- B. Communication signs for droplet precautions
- C. Negative-pressure airflow in room
- D. Communication signs for airborne precautions
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Caring for a patient with tuberculosis requires the nurse to use an N95 respirator, gown, gloves, and eyewear to protect against airborne transmission of the disease. Choice B and D are incorrect because while communication signs for precautions are important, the essential items needed for caring for a patient with tuberculosis are personal protective equipment to prevent transmission. Choice C is also incorrect as negative-pressure airflow in the room is a facility-related requirement and not an item carried by the nurse.
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