Nursing Elites

1. Emotions, such as pride, shame, and guilt, that depend on both self-awareness and knowledge of socially accepted standards of behavior are known as what?

• A. Self-awareness emotions
• B. Self-evaluative emotions
• C. Self-conscious emotions
• D. Egocentric emotions

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Self-conscious emotions. Self-conscious emotions like pride, shame, and guilt require not only self-awareness but also an understanding of socially accepted behaviors. These emotions involve evaluating oneself in relation to societal norms. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately capture the idea of emotions that rely on both self-awareness and knowledge of socially accepted standards of behavior.

2. Why does the selection of a theoretical perspective of mental disorders matter?

• A. Because it determines how data is interpreted, and influences treatment approaches.
• B. It matters because different perspectives offer different insights into the causes and treatments of mental disorders.
• C. The selection of a theoretical perspective is not important as all perspectives lead to the same treatment outcomes.
• D. Theoretical perspectives are only relevant for academic research, not for clinical practice.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The selection of a theoretical perspective matters because it determines how data is interpreted and influences the treatment approaches that are considered appropriate. Choice B is incorrect because different perspectives may lead to different interpretations and treatment strategies. Choice C is incorrect because different theoretical perspectives can result in varied treatment outcomes. Choice D is incorrect because theoretical perspectives play a crucial role in both academic research and clinical practice.

3. Which psychological perspective, emerging in the 1950s and 1960s, reflects a renewed interest in studying the mind or consciousness, similar to psychology's early days as a science in the late 1800s?

• A. Cognitive perspective.
• B. Mental perspective.
• C. Philosophical perspective.
• D. Biological perspective.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Cognitive perspective. The cognitive perspective indeed emerged in the 1950s and 1960s, reflecting a renewed interest in studying the mind and consciousness, akin to early psychology's focus when it first established as a science in the late 1800s. This perspective emphasizes mental processes, problem-solving, decision-making, and information processing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the mental perspective is too generic and does not capture the emphasis on processes, the philosophical perspective is more focused on theories and concepts, and the biological perspective centers on the influence of biology on behavior rather than consciousness and mental processes.

4. How did philosopher John Locke characterize the mind of a child?

• A. Innately good
• B. Conscientiousness
• C. Superego-ideal
• D. A blank slate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Philosopher John Locke characterized the mind of a child as a 'blank slate,' indicating that it is devoid of innate ideas or characteristics. This concept suggests that a child's mind is shaped and developed through experiences and learning rather than having inherent qualities. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as Locke did not view the mind of a child as innately good, conscientious, or associated with the superego-ideal. Instead, he believed that individuals are born without built-in mental content, emphasizing the importance of environmental influences on cognitive development.

5. Scientific research has demonstrated the __________ parenting style is most likely to lead to healthy psychological development in children.

• A. Authoritarian
• B. Permissive
• C. Authoritative
• D. Neglectful

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Scientific research has demonstrated that the authoritative parenting style is most likely to lead to healthy psychological development in children. Authoritative parents are responsive to their children's emotional needs, set clear boundaries, and encourage independence. This balance fosters a positive environment for children to thrive emotionally and psychologically. Authoritarian parenting (choice A) focuses on strict rules without much warmth, which can lead to obedience but may hinder emotional development. Permissive parenting (choice B) lacks structure and rules, potentially resulting in children feeling insecure. Neglectful parenting (choice D) is characterized by a lack of responsiveness and involvement, leading to various negative outcomes for the child's development.

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