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Psychology 101 Exam 3 Test

1. Biological discoveries ________.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Biological discoveries have indeed led to a recognition of the role that genetic factors and other biological influences play in the development of many disorders. This understanding has shifted the focus from purely environmental explanations to acknowledging the significant impact of genetics and biology on mental health. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because biological discoveries have not specifically addressed the subjectivity of definitions of abnormality, minimized the role of the environment in psychopathology, or definitively classified mental disorders as diseases that should only be handled by the medical profession.

2. Dr. Fox studies the causes of depression. In other words, she looks at factors that play a role in the ________ of depression.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'etiology.' Etiology specifically deals with the causes or origins of diseases like depression. Choice B, 'epidemiology,' focuses on the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. Choice C, 'prevalence,' refers to the proportion of a population found to have a condition. Choice D, 'resiliency,' relates to the ability to recover from or adjust to challenges.

3. How can resilience impact the likelihood of developing a mental disorder?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Resilience plays a crucial role in mental health outcomes by enabling individuals to navigate and overcome stressors effectively, thus reducing the probability of developing mental disorders. Choice A is incorrect as resilience does have a positive impact on mental health. Choice C is incorrect as resilience is highly relevant to mental health outcomes. Choice D is incorrect because while resilience is important, it is not the only factor influencing mental health.

4. Who is credited with establishing psychology as a distinct scientific field, separate from other disciplines?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Wilhelm Wundt is the correct answer as he is credited with establishing psychology as a distinct scientific field. Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated to experimental psychology in 1879, which marked the beginning of psychology as a separate discipline. While the other individuals mentioned in the choices have made significant contributions to the field of psychology, Wilhelm Wundt is specifically known for his pioneering work in establishing psychology as a unique and independent discipline.

5. Defense mechanisms ________.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because defense mechanisms aim to reduce anxiety but can lead to distortion of reality, making them not always beneficial. Choice A is incorrect as defense mechanisms are meant to reduce anxiety, not increase it. Choice B is incorrect because defense mechanisms are not strategies of the id specifically. Choice C is incorrect as defense mechanisms are often unconscious and not always intentional.

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