Nursing Elites

1. ______________ are conditions that increase the probability of a disorder but are neither necessary nor sufficient to cause it.

• A. Risk factors
• B. Contributory causes
• C. Sufficient causes
• D. Protective factors

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct term for conditions that increase the probability of a disorder but are neither necessary nor sufficient to cause it is 'Contributory causes.' Risk factors (Choice A) are conditions that increase the likelihood of a negative outcome but do not imply causation. Sufficient causes (Choice C) are conditions that guarantee the occurrence of a disorder by themselves. Protective factors (Choice D) decrease the likelihood of a disorder rather than increasing it.

2. What term refers to the awareness that other people have their own intentions, desires, wants, and motives?

• A. Theory of mind
• B. Theory of personality
• C. Theory of being
• D. Theory of awareness

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Theory of mind.' Theory of mind is the understanding that others have their own thoughts, feelings, and intentions. This ability allows individuals to attribute mental states to others, enabling them to understand and predict behavior based on those mental states. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not specifically address the awareness of others' intentions, desires, wants, and motives.

3. A psychological disorder is said to have an acute onset if the symptoms develop ______, while it has an insidious onset if the symptoms develop ______.

• A. Suddenly;gradually
• B. Suddenly;atypically
• C. Gradually;atypically
• D. Atypically;suddenly

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An acute onset refers to the sudden development of symptoms, whereas an insidious onset indicates a gradual progression of symptoms. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Suddenly;gradually.' The other choices are incorrect because 'atypically' does not accurately describe the onset of symptoms in this context.

4. Unlike other types of anxiety disorders, this one is not triggered by anything specific, hence the name free-floating anxiety.

• A. Social anxiety disorder
• B. Generalized anxiety disorder
• C. Panic disorder
• D. Specific phobia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Generalized anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by persistent and excessive worry or anxiety that is not triggered by specific situations or objects, hence the term 'free-floating anxiety.' Social anxiety disorder (A) is characterized by fear and anxiety about social situations, panic disorder (C) involves recurrent unexpected panic attacks, and specific phobia (D) is an intense fear of a specific object or situation. Therefore, B is the most appropriate choice in the context of anxiety not being triggered by specific stimuli.

5. Which neurotransmitter is reduced in both the manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder?

• A. Acetylcholine
• B. Dopamine
• C. Norepinephrine
• D. Serotonin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Serotonin. Serotonin levels are reduced during both the manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder. Acetylcholine (choice A) is not typically linked to bipolar disorder. Dopamine (choice B) and norepinephrine (choice C) are more commonly associated with conditions like schizophrenia and depression, respectively, rather than bipolar disorder. Therefore, they are not the neurotransmitters reduced in both manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder.

Similar Questions