Nursing Elites

1. Gina, A client in prolong labor said she cannot go on anymore. The health care team decided that both the child and the mother cannot anymore endure the process. The baby is premature and has a little chance of surviving. Caesarian section is not possible because Gina already lost enough blood during labor and additional losses would tend to be fatal. The husband decided that Gina should survive and gave his consent to terminate the fetus. The principle that will be used by the health care team is:

• A. Beneficence
• B. Non malfeasance
• C. Justice
• D. Double effect

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

2. Legally, Patients chart are:

• A. Owned by the government since it is a legal document
• B. Owned by the doctor in charge and should be kept from the administrator for whatever reason
• C. Owned by the hospital and should not be given to anyone who request it other than the doctor in charge
• D. Owned by the patient and should be given by the nurse to the client as requested

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

3. The dietary guidelines for Americans recommend consuming:

• A. nutrient dense foods
• B. non-essential amino acids
• C. energy dense foods
• D. organically grown foods

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The guidelines emphasize nutrient-dense foods that provide essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients without excessive calories, sugars, or unhealthy fats.

4. Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

• A. Mouth
• B. Esophagus
• C. Stomach
• D. Small intestine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth. The enzyme amylase, found in saliva, starts the process by breaking down starches into sugars. The esophagus is a passageway for food to reach the stomach and does not participate in digestion. The stomach mainly digests proteins and is not the primary site for carbohydrate breakdown. While the small intestine does play a crucial role in digesting carbohydrates, it is not where the process initiates. Therefore, the correct answer is the mouth.

5. What is the primary function of antioxidants in the diet?

• A. Provide energy
• B. Support muscle growth
• C. Neutralize free radicals
• D. Increase blood sugar

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of antioxidants in the diet is to neutralize free radicals. Free radicals can cause cellular damage, leading to various chronic diseases. Antioxidants help combat this oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because antioxidants do not provide energy, support muscle growth, or increase blood sugar; their main role is in combating oxidative stress.

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