ATI RN
ATI Proctored Nutrition Exam 2019
1. Gina, A client in prolong labor said she cannot go on anymore. The health care team decided that both the child and the mother cannot anymore endure the process. The baby is premature and has a little chance of surviving. Caesarian section is not possible because Gina already lost enough blood during labor and additional losses would tend to be fatal. The husband decided that Gina should survive and gave his consent to terminate the fetus. The principle that will be used by the health care team is:
- A. Beneficence
- B. Non malfeasance
- C. Justice
- D. Double effect
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.
2. A nurse is teaching a nutrition class for clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements should the nurse include about management of acute illness?
- A. Consume carbs every 3-4 hrs
- B. Decrease fluid intake to 1000 mL per day
- C. Monitor blood glucose twice per day
- D. Check urine for ketones every 24 hrs
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct statement is to 'Consume carbs every 3-4 hours.' During acute illness, it is important to maintain a consistent carbohydrate intake to help manage blood glucose levels for clients with type 2 diabetes. This frequent consumption can prevent hypoglycemia and provide energy needed during illness. Decreasing fluid intake (choice B) is not recommended during acute illness, as hydration is crucial to prevent complications. Monitoring blood glucose (choice C) more frequently than twice a day is necessary during acute illness. Checking urine for ketones (choice D) should be done more frequently than once every 24 hours during illness to monitor for diabetic ketoacidosis.
3. The oral cavity is the site of a wide variety of systemic disease manifestations due to:
- A. Rapid cellular turnover
- B. Constant attack by microorganisms
- C. Trauma-intense environment
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The oral cavity is indeed the site of various systemic disease manifestations due to multiple factors. Firstly, the rapid cellular turnover in the oral mucosa makes it susceptible to diseases. Secondly, the constant presence of microorganisms in the oral cavity contributes to the development of systemic diseases. Finally, the oral cavity being a trauma-intense environment further increases the risk of systemic manifestations. Therefore, all the provided options - rapid cellular turnover, constant attack by microorganisms, and a trauma-intense environment - play a role in making the oral cavity a site for various systemic diseases. Hence, the correct answer is 'All of the above.' Choices A, B, and C are incorrect individually as they each represent only one aspect of why the oral cavity is prone to systemic disease manifestations, whereas the correct answer encompasses all these factors.
4. A group of clients is being instructed by a nurse regarding nutrition. The teaching should state that which of the following groups of foods contains the highest level of carbohydrates?
- A. Milk, eggs, and cheese
- B. Butter, oils, and avocados
- C. Rice, potatoes, and oranges
- D. Chicken, green beans, and apples
Correct answer: Rice, potatoes, and oranges
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rice, potatoes, and oranges. These foods are rich in carbohydrates. Choice A (Milk, eggs, and cheese) contains minimal carbohydrates as they are primarily sources of protein and fat. Choice B (Butter, oils, and avocados) contains very little to no carbohydrates as they are high in fats. Choice D (Chicken, green beans, and apples) also contains minimal carbohydrates, with protein and fiber being more prominent in these foods.
5. A healthcare professional has just inserted an NG tube for a client who is to start enteral tube feedings. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take to verify tube placement?
- A. Measure the tube length.
- B. Obtain an abdominal x-ray.
- C. Flush the tube with 20 mL of water.
- D. Auscultate the client’s lungs.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Obtaining an abdominal x-ray is the most accurate method to verify the correct placement of an NG tube. Measuring the tube length is not a reliable method to confirm placement as it may vary among individuals. Flushing the tube with water and auscultating the client's lungs are not definitive methods to ensure proper NG tube placement.