Nursing Elites

1. An adolescent client has bloodshot eyes, a voracious appetite, and dry mouth. Which drug abuse would the nurse most likely suspect?

• A. Marijuana
• B. Amphetamines
• C. Barbiturates
• D. Anxiolytics

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The symptoms described, including bloodshot eyes, a voracious appetite, and dry mouth, are consistent with marijuana use. Bloodshot eyes are a common side effect of marijuana due to its effect on blood vessels in the eyes. Marijuana also often causes an increase in appetite (known as 'the munchies') and can result in dry mouth. Amphetamines typically cause symptoms like increased alertness, energy, and decreased appetite. Barbiturates and anxiolytics would not typically cause bloodshot eyes, a voracious appetite, and dry mouth as described in the scenario. Therefore, the most likely drug abuse the nurse would suspect in this case is marijuana.

2. A nurse is teaching about nutrition to a client who has a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Increase phosphorus intake
• B. Limit calcium intake
• C. Limit protein intake
• D. Increase potassium intake

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct recommendation for a client with chronic kidney disease is to limit protein intake. Excessive protein consumption can strain the kidneys as they work to eliminate waste products from protein metabolism. This can worsen kidney function in individuals with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, limiting protein intake is crucial in managing this condition. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Increasing phosphorus intake can be harmful in kidney disease as it can lead to mineral imbalances. Limiting calcium intake is not typically necessary unless the client has specific complications. Increasing potassium intake may also be inappropriate as potassium levels can be affected in kidney disease.

3. As a Nurse Manager, DMLM enjoys her staff of talented and self motivated individuals. She knew that the leadership style to suit the needs of this kind of people is called:

• A. Autocratic
• B. Participative
• C. Democratic
• D. Laissez Faire

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

4. Is it correct that eliminating sucrose from the diet leads to a significant reduction in dental caries, and that the best advice is to consume sugar in moderation and limit the frequency of sugar exposure?

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The first statement is incorrect because dental caries are not solely caused by sucrose. They are the result of a complex interaction of multiple factors, including the type of bacteria in the mouth, the host's diet, oral hygiene, and salivary flow. The second statement is correct as consuming sugar in moderation and limiting the frequency of sugar exposure are indeed effective strategies to prevent dental caries. Therefore, the answer is option D: The first statement is false; the second is true.

5. A client is being instructed by a nurse about foods that should be included in a low-fiber diet. Which statement by the client indicates understanding?

• A. I can cut up carrots and celery sticks for my lunch.
• B. I will eat a bran muffin for my mid-morning snack.
• C. I will have oatmeal with skim milk for my breakfast.
• D. I should choose canned peaches for my fruit serving.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because canned peaches are lower in fiber compared to the other options. Carrots, celery sticks, bran muffins, and oatmeal are high-fiber choices, which are not suitable for a low-fiber diet. Choosing canned peaches aligns with the requirements of a low-fiber diet.

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