Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which of the following foods or beverages should the nurse recommend to minimize heartburn?

• A. Orange juice
• B. Decaffeinated coffee
• C. Peppermint
• D. Potatoes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Potatoes. Potatoes are bland and less likely to relax the lower esophageal sphincter, making them a good choice for minimizing heartburn in clients with GERD. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Orange juice and peppermint can exacerbate GERD symptoms due to their acidic or relaxing effects on the esophageal sphincter. Decaffeinated coffee, although lower in caffeine, is still acidic and can trigger heartburn in individuals with GERD.

2. A nurse is teaching about diet modification to a client who is breastfeeding. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should drink an 8 ounce glass of water each time my baby nurses.
• B. I should take a 1500 milligram iron supplement daily.
• C. I can eat a 2500 calorie daily diet lose 1 lb per week.
• D. I can eat ounces of swordfish daily.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Drinking an 8 ounce glass of water each time the baby nurses helps maintain hydration and support milk production.

3. A nurse is caring for four clients. The nurse should plan to administer total parenteral nutrition for which of the following clients?

• A. A client who is postoperative following a laminectomy and is receiving IV PCA
• B. A client who has dysphagia and does not recognize his family
• C. A client who has COPD and is going home with oxygen
• D. A client who has colon cancer and will undergo a hemicolectomy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is essential for clients undergoing significant surgical procedures like a hemicolectomy to ensure they receive adequate nutrition when oral intake is not possible.

4. A nurse is preparing to administer a gavage feeding via nasogastric tube to a preterm newborn who is receiving supplemental oxygen. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Stabilize the tube with tape to the newborn’s forehead.
• B. Remove supplemental oxygen during the feeding.
• C. Measure the stomach aspirate prior to the feeding.
• D. Place the newborn on her left side for 30 min after the feeding.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Measuring the stomach aspirate prior to the feeding is essential to ensure proper placement and function of the NG tube.

5. A client is prescribed a 1500 calorie diet. Thirty percent of the calories are to be derived from fat. How many grams of fat should the nurse tell the client to consume per day? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

• A. 21
• B. 49
• C. 60
• D. 50

Correct answer: D

Rationale: To calculate the grams of fat: 1500 calories x 30% = 450 calories from fat. Since 1 gram of fat = 9 calories, 450 / 9 = 50 grams of fat.

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