Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which of the following foods or beverages should the nurse recommend to minimize heartburn?

• A. Orange juice
• B. Decaffeinated coffee
• C. Peppermint
• D. Potatoes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Potatoes. Potatoes are bland and less likely to relax the lower esophageal sphincter, making them a good choice for minimizing heartburn in clients with GERD. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Orange juice and peppermint can exacerbate GERD symptoms due to their acidic or relaxing effects on the esophageal sphincter. Decaffeinated coffee, although lower in caffeine, is still acidic and can trigger heartburn in individuals with GERD.

2. A nurse is assessing a client who has a stage III pressure ulcer that is healing poorly. The nurse should identify that which of the following vitamin deficiencies increases the client’s risk for delayed wound healing?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Vitamin E
• D. Vitamin B6

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Vitamin C deficiency can impair collagen synthesis and delay wound healing, making it important for recovery from pressure ulcers.

3. A nurse is caring for a client who is taking antibiotics and develops diarrhea. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend to include in the client’s diet?

• A. Whole wheat bread
• B. Fresh orange sections
• C. Ice cream
• D. Yogurt

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Yogurt contains probiotics that can help restore normal gut flora and reduce antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

4. A client has a body mass index (BMI) of 30. Four weeks after nutritional counseling, which of the following evaluation findings indicates the plan of care was followed?

• A. BMI of 25
• B. Weight gain of 1.8 kg
• C. BMI of 33
• D. Weight loss of 2.7 kg

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A weight loss of 2.7 kg in four weeks indicates effective adherence to a nutritional plan aimed at reducing body mass index (BMI), moving towards a healthier weight. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because a decrease in weight is expected for a client with a BMI of 30 undergoing nutritional counseling for weight management, rather than an increase in weight or BMI.

5. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has a body mass index of 28. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Encourage the client to continue current daily caloric intake.
• B. Recommend a total fiber intake of 12g each day.
• C. Advise the client to add 500 calories per day to the diet.
• D. Refer the client to a weight-loss support group.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Referring the client to a weight-loss support group can provide the necessary support and motivation to achieve weight loss goals.

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