Nursing Elites

1. A condition that is conducive to the development of dental caries is said to be _____.

• A. periodontal
• B. cariogenic
• C. gingival
• D. bacteriophilic

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A condition that is conducive to the development of dental caries is described as cariogenic. Cariogenic refers to foods or conditions that promote the development of dental caries by providing an environment for bacteria to thrive and produce acids that erode tooth enamel. Choice A, periodontal, is incorrect as it relates to the supporting structures of the teeth rather than the development of dental caries. Choice C, gingival, is also incorrect as it pertains to the gums rather than the causation of dental caries. Choice D, bacteriophilic, is not the term commonly used to describe conditions that lead to dental caries, making it an incorrect choice.

2. A nurse is educating the parent of a preschool-age child about nutrition. Which is the best snack choice for the nurse to recommend to the parent?

• A. Fruit snacks
• B. Mini wheat bagel with peanut butter
• C. White toast with jelly
• D. Sports drink

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The best snack choice for a preschool-age child recommended by the nurse would be a mini wheat bagel with peanut butter. This option provides a good balance of carbohydrates, protein, and healthy fats, making it a more nutritious choice compared to the other options. Fruit snacks may contain added sugars and lack essential nutrients. White toast with jelly is high in simple carbohydrates and sugars, providing less sustained energy. Sports drinks are often high in sugar and not necessary for a preschool-age child's snack.

3. A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who has neutropenia as a result of radiation therapy for the treatment of lung cancer. Which of the following should the nurse plan to include in the teaching?

• A. Bottled water is an appropriate choice to increase fluid intake.
• B. The salad bar is a healthy choice when dining out.
• C. Soft-boiled eggs are an appropriate source of protein.
• D. Eating at a buffet is a good choice to increase caloric intake.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In neutropenia, which is a low count of neutrophils, the client is at a high risk of infection. It is crucial to emphasize the importance of proper hydration to maintain overall health. Bottled water is a safe choice as it reduces the risk of exposure to contaminants that could further compromise the client's immune system. The other options, like the salad bar, soft-boiled eggs, and eating at a buffet, may not be suitable for a client with neutropenia due to the risk of bacterial contamination or exposure to pathogens that could lead to infections, which should be avoided.

4. A patient is being cared for by a nurse who has stomatitis following radiation treatment. Which of the following is an appropriate intervention for the nurse to take?

• A. Serve foods without sauces or gravies
• B. Offer mouth rinses with normal saline and water
• C. Serve foods while still at a hot temperature
• D. Instruct the client to drink liquids without a straw

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Offering mouth rinses with normal saline and water is an appropriate intervention for a nurse caring for a patient with stomatitis following radiation treatment. This intervention can help soothe and clean the mouth, promoting comfort and oral hygiene. Choice A is incorrect because serving foods without sauces or gravies does not directly address the client's stomatitis. Choice C is incorrect because serving hot foods can exacerbate discomfort in the client's mouth. Choice D is incorrect because using a straw can help in preventing further irritation in the client's mouth.

5. What is the most effective way to limit the number of microorganisms in the hospital?

• A. Using strict aseptic technique in all procedures
• B. Wearing a mask and gown when caring for all patients with communicable diseases
• C. Sterilizing all instruments
• D. Handwashing

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most effective way to limit the number of microorganisms in the hospital is by using strict aseptic technique in all procedures. This approach ensures that the risk of introducing harmful microorganisms into the hospital environment or patients is minimized. Choice B, wearing a mask and gown when caring for patients with communicable diseases, is important but not as comprehensive as using aseptic technique in all procedures. Sterilizing all instruments (Choice C) is crucial for preventing infections but may not address all avenues of microorganism transmission. Handwashing (Choice D) is a fundamental practice in infection control but alone may not be as effective as utilizing aseptic techniques in all procedures to limit microorganisms in the hospital.

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