ATI RN
Proctored Nutrition ATI
1. Each of the following is a characteristic of fat, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. 95% of ingested fats are absorbed
- B. Hard fats take longer to digest than soft fats
- C. Fats contribute to palatability and flavor of foods
- D. Cooked fats improve the texture of foods
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Hard fats take longer to digest than soft fats because hard fats are solid at body temperature, making them more challenging to break down. Choice A is true as the majority of ingested fats are absorbed. Choice C is correct as fats indeed contribute to the palatability and flavor of foods. Choice D is accurate as cooked fats can enhance the texture of foods.
2. Sugar alcohols have anticariogenic properties and can protect the teeth by decreasing demineralization, enhancing remineralization, or increasing salivary flow, even in the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate. Name 3 sugar alcohols.
- A. Sorbitol
- B. Mannitol
- C. Xylitol
- D. Erythritol
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol are commonly used in sugar-free products and have properties that help protect teeth from caries by promoting remineralization and increasing salivary flow. Erythritol is another common sugar alcohol used as a sweetener in various products, but it was not listed in the question.
3. In a patient with osteoporosis, which mineral is essential to prevent further bone loss?
- A. Iron
- B. Phosphorus
- C. Magnesium
- D. Calcium
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Calcium is crucial in preventing bone loss in patients with osteoporosis.
4. Dietary fiber has been recommended for its possible benefits in reducing heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol. How is fiber thought to play its role in lowering blood cholesterol?
- A. Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces
- B. Viscous fiber binds with bile in the intestine and is excreted in feces
- C. Soluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the blood and is excreted by the liver
- D. Insoluble fiber converts to bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Viscous (soluble) fiber binds with bile acids in the intestine, which are then excreted. The liver must use cholesterol to make more bile acids, thereby lowering blood cholesterol levels. Choice A is incorrect as insoluble fiber does not bind with cholesterol in the large intestine. Choice C is incorrect as soluble fiber does not directly bind with cholesterol in the blood. Choice D is incorrect as insoluble fiber does not convert to bile in the large intestine to bind with cholesterol.
5. In administering blood transfusion, what needle gauge is used?
- A. 18 C. 23
- B. 22 D. 24
- C.
- D.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.