Nursing Elites

1. Each of the following is a characteristic of fat, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. 95% of ingested fats are absorbed
• B. Hard fats take longer to digest than soft fats
• C. Fats contribute to palatability and flavor of foods
• D. Cooked fats improve the texture of foods

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Hard fats take longer to digest than soft fats because hard fats are solid at body temperature, making them more challenging to break down. Choice A is true as the majority of ingested fats are absorbed. Choice C is correct as fats indeed contribute to the palatability and flavor of foods. Choice D is accurate as cooked fats can enhance the texture of foods.

2. Which condition is most closely associated with a high rate of gastroesophageal reflux disease?

• A. Pregnancy
• B. Anorexia
• C. Hypertension
• D. Diabetes mellitus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Pregnancy is the correct answer as it is most closely associated with a high rate of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). During pregnancy, the growing fetus exerts pressure on the stomach, leading to the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, causing GERD. This physiological change is a common occurrence in pregnant individuals. Conversely, anorexia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus are not typically linked to a high rate of GERD. While these conditions have their own effects on the body, they do not directly contribute to the mechanisms that cause GERD, unlike the physical changes associated with pregnancy. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.

3. In a therapeutic relationship, the nurse must understand own values, beliefs, feelings, prejudices & how these affect others. This is called:

• A. Therapeutic use of self
• B. Psychotherapy
• C. Therapeutic communication
• D. Self awareness

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

4. Loss of smell results in a condition that limits capacity to detect the flavor of food and beverages called:

• A. Hypergeusia
• B. Dysgeusia
• C. Anosmia
• D. Phantom taste

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Anosmia is the loss of the sense of smell, which significantly impacts the ability to detect flavors in food and beverages.

5. Each statement regarding the correlation between vitamin D and sun exposure is accurate, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. The body can produce sufficient amounts of vitamin D from sunlight.
• B. UV radiation can convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3 by penetrating uncovered skin.
• C. Sunscreen blocks the formation of vitamin D3.
• D. By the age of 70 years, the skin generally produces vitamin D at only half the level it did at the age of 20 years.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: While UV radiation can penetrate uncovered skin and convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3, sunscreen does block the formation of vitamin D3. Sunscreen is recommended by dermatologists to prevent sunburn and reduce the risk of skin cancer. The other choices are correct: the body can produce sufficient vitamin D from sunlight, UV radiation can convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3, and skin generally produces less vitamin D as a person ages.

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