Nursing Elites

1. What type of diet would most likely benefit a patient with cystic fibrosis?

• A. Low sodium
• B. Low fat
• C. Clear liquid
• D. High calorie, high protein

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Patients with cystic fibrosis often have malabsorption issues, leading to increased energy needs. A high-calorie, high-protein diet is recommended to help meet these needs, support growth, and maintain overall health. Choices A, B, and C do not address the specific dietary requirements associated with cystic fibrosis, making them less beneficial for these patients.

2. What is the primary function of antioxidants in the diet?

• A. Provide energy
• B. Support muscle growth
• C. Neutralize free radicals
• D. Increase blood sugar

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of antioxidants in the diet is to neutralize free radicals. Free radicals can cause cellular damage, leading to various chronic diseases. Antioxidants help combat this oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because antioxidants do not provide energy, support muscle growth, or increase blood sugar; their main role is in combating oxidative stress.

3. Generally, lifestyle-related diseases share common risk factors. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

• A. Physical activity
• B. Smoking
• C. Genetics
• D. Nutrition

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Common risk factors for lifestyle-related diseases typically include aspects of one's lifestyle that can be modified or controlled, such as physical activity, smoking habits, and nutrition. These factors can be changed to prevent or manage lifestyle-related diseases. Genetics, on the other hand, is not a modifiable risk factor, meaning it cannot be changed or controlled. Therefore, it is not considered a common risk factor for lifestyle-related diseases. Understanding the modifiable risk factors for these diseases allows for better prevention and management strategies, and helps reduce the risk of complications.

4. Which of the following is not a desirable blood lipid value?

• A. low total cholesterol
• B. high LDL
• C. high HDL
• D. low blood triglycerides

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. High levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol are undesirable as they are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, low total cholesterol (choice A), high HDL (choice C), and low blood triglycerides (choice D) are considered desirable blood lipid values. Low total cholesterol is beneficial as high levels can increase the risk of heart disease. High HDL cholesterol is considered good as it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries. Low blood triglycerides are also preferred as high levels are associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

5. The RDA for iron is higher in premenopausal women than for men or postmenopausal women because of the blood loss during menstruation.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 18 mg of iron per day for women 19 to 50 years old, 8 mg/day for women 51 years old and older, and men 19 years old and older. During menstruation, women lose blood containing iron, leading to a higher iron requirement in premenopausal women compared to men or postmenopausal women. This increased demand aims to replenish the iron lost during this physiological process. Therefore, the statement and reason are directly linked, explaining why the RDA for iron is higher in premenopausal women than in men or postmenopausal women. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately assess the relationship between the statement and the reason provided in the question.

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