Nursing Elites

1. Who is generally regarded as the founder of the child study movement?

• A. Arnold Gesell was among the first to write child-rearing books for parents
• B. Arnold Gesell is generally regarded as the founder of the child study movement
• C. Arnold Gesell foreshadowed lifespan research by writing a book on aging
• D. Arnold Gesell constructed the first successful intelligence test

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Arnold Gesell is generally regarded as the founder of the child study movement, emphasizing the importance of observing and documenting children's behaviors to understand their development. While he was a significant figure in child development research, he did not specifically write child-rearing books for parents, foreshadow lifespan research, or construct the first successful intelligence test. Choice A is incorrect as Gesell's focus was more on research rather than writing child-rearing books. Choice C is incorrect as Gesell's main contributions were in child development, not specifically in aging research. Choice D is incorrect as Gesell is not credited with constructing the first successful intelligence test.

2. In healthy, physically fit women, regular moderate to vigorous exercise during pregnancy is related to __________.

• A. lower birth weight and higher risk of premature birth
• B. suppressed development of the immune system
• C. serious damage to the central nervous system
• D. improved fetal cardiovascular functioning

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In healthy, physically fit women, regular moderate to vigorous exercise during pregnancy is related to improved fetal cardiovascular functioning. Regular exercise has been shown to benefit both the mother and baby by promoting better cardiovascular health and overall well-being during pregnancy. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as exercise during pregnancy, when done appropriately, does not lead to lower birth weight, higher risk of premature birth, suppressed immune system development, or serious damage to the central nervous system. Instead, it is known to have positive effects on fetal development and maternal health.

3. The effects of stress on the developing organism can be greatly reduced if the expectant mother __________.

• A. has access to social support during stressful periods
• B. takes a low dose of anti-anxiety medication
• C. takes a folic acid supplement early in pregnancy
• D. is placed on bed rest during the last trimester

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Having access to social support during stressful periods can greatly reduce the effects of stress on the developing organism. Social support can provide emotional comfort, practical assistance, and a sense of belonging, which can help the expectant mother cope with stress more effectively. This support system can also help mitigate the negative impact of stress on the developing baby during pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while folic acid is important for prenatal health, it does not directly address the effects of stress. Taking anti-anxiety medication should be done under medical supervision and as a last resort due to potential risks to the developing baby. Bed rest during the last trimester is not a solution to reduce the effects of stress and may not address the underlying causes of stress.

4. Which statement about prenatal rubella is true?

• A. The greatest damage occurs when rubella strikes during the fetal period.
• B. The organ damage inflicted by prenatal rubella can lead to lifelong health problems. Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 15 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e
• C. Routine vaccination has made new rubella outbreaks extremely rare worldwide.
• D. Infection during the embryonic period is less harmful than during other prenatal periods. Answer: B Page Ref: 86‒87 Skill Level: Understand known or suspected teratogens. Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement that the organ damage inflicted by prenatal rubella can lead to lifelong health problems is true. Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause serious harm to the developing fetus, including organ damage, deafness, heart defects, and intellectual disabilities. This highlights the importance of prevention and vaccination to protect both pregnant women and their unborn babies from the harmful effects of rubella.

5. What is the best-known effect of smoking during the prenatal period?

• A. Colic
• B. Respiratory distress at birth
• C. Low birth weight
• D. Delayed language development

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The best-known effect of smoking during the prenatal period is low birth weight. Smoking during pregnancy is a known teratogen that can lead to negative outcomes for the developing fetus, such as growth restrictions resulting in low birth weight. This condition can have significant long-term consequences on the child's health and development. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not the primary effect associated with smoking during the prenatal period. Colic is typically associated with digestive issues, respiratory distress at birth can be caused by various factors other than smoking, and delayed language development is not directly linked to smoking during pregnancy.

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