ATI RN
Growth and Development Exam
1. Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, information processing, and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory all stress __________.
- A. nature over nurture
- B. changes in thinking
- C. unconscious motives and drives
- D. the effects of punishment and reinforcement on behavior Answer: B Page Ref: 26 Skill Level: Understand development. Topic: Comparing and Evaluating Theories Difficulty Level: Difficult
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, information processing, and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory all stress changes in thinking. These theories focus on how cognitive abilities develop over time, emphasizing the growth and transformation of thinking processes rather than static traits or characteristics.
2. According to the cognitive perspective of perceptual development, what do babies do?
- A. are blank slates
- B. impose meaning on what they perceive
- C. actively search for discontinuous stimuli
- D. seek variant features in the environment
Correct answer: B
Rationale: According to the cognitive perspective of perceptual development, babies impose meaning on what they perceive. This means that babies actively interpret and make sense of the stimuli they encounter. Choice A is incorrect because babies are not seen as blank slates in this context; they actively engage with their environment. Choice C is incorrect as babies do not necessarily search for discontinuous stimuli, but rather interpret what they perceive. Choice D is incorrect as seeking variant features in the environment is not a core concept of the cognitive perspective of perceptual development.
3. A nurse is caring for a client who is in labor and has an external fetal monitor in place. The nurse observes late decelerations in the fetal heart rate. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Decrease the client's IV fluids
- B. Reposition the client
- C. Administer oxygen by face mask
- D. Document the findings
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Administering oxygen by face mask is the priority intervention when late decelerations are observed in the fetal heart rate. Late decelerations indicate uteroplacental insufficiency, and administering oxygen helps to improve fetal oxygenation. Repositioning the client may also be necessary to relieve pressure on the umbilical cord, but providing oxygen takes precedence to enhance fetal oxygenation. Decreasing IV fluids may not directly address the underlying issue leading to late decelerations. Documenting the findings is important but should not be the first action taken when managing late decelerations.
4. A patient with renal insufficiency should limit the intake of which of the following nutrients?
- A. Phosphorus
- B. Potassium
- C. Sodium
- D. Calcium
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In patients with renal insufficiency, impaired kidney function can lead to difficulty in excreting phosphorus. High phosphorus levels can result in further complications such as bone and heart problems. Therefore, limiting the intake of phosphorus is crucial. Potassium and sodium restrictions may also be necessary in renal insufficiency, but the primary concern related to nutrients is phosphorus in this scenario. Calcium, while important for bone health, does not typically need to be restricted in renal insufficiency unless there is a specific medical reason to do so.
5. Which best describes the role of a community health nurse in promoting health?
- A. Advocating for health policy changes
- B. Providing direct care to individuals and families
- C. Educating the community about healthy lifestyles
- D. Conducting research on community health issues
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A community health nurse plays a vital role in promoting health by advocating for health policy changes. By advocating for policy changes that support healthy environments, access to care, and addressing social determinants of health, community health nurses work towards improving the overall health and well-being of the community they serve. While providing direct care to individuals and families, educating the community about healthy lifestyles, and conducting research on community health issues are important aspects of nursing practice, advocating for health policy changes has a broader impact on population health outcomes.
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