ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Practice A
1. What type of gastrointestinal complication is most likely to be caused by the use of antibiotics to treat H. pylori infection?
- A. Hemoptysis
- B. Altered taste sensation
- C. Flatulence
- D. Bloody stools
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Altered taste sensation. The use of antibiotics is known to cause changes in taste sensation as a side effect, especially when used to treat H. pylori infections. Hemoptysis (Choice A) refers to coughing up blood, and while it can be a symptom of various conditions, it is not typically associated with the use of antibiotics. Flatulence (Choice C) and bloody stools (Choice D) can also occur as gastrointestinal complications, but they are not the most likely side effect when treating H. pylori with antibiotics. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect.
2. A nurse is providing teaching to a client with gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I should elevate the head of my bed while sleeping.
- B. I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.
- C. I take my time when I am eating.
- D. I avoid foods and drinks made with chocolate.
Correct answer: I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.' Excessive coffee consumption can aggravate gastroesophageal reflux due to its acidic nature. Choices A, C, and D are all appropriate self-care measures for managing gastroesophageal reflux. Elevating the head of the bed while sleeping helps prevent acid reflux, eating slowly can reduce reflux episodes, and avoiding trigger foods like chocolate can help alleviate symptoms.
3. Nurse DMLM is correct in identifying the correct sequence of events during abdominal assessment if she identifies which of the following?
- A. Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation
- B. Inspection, Percussion, Palpation, Auscultation
- C. Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
- D. Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, Percussion
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct sequence for abdominal assessment is Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation. Start with Inspection to observe any visible abnormalities, followed by Auscultation to listen for bowel sounds, then Percussion to assess the density of underlying structures, and finally Palpation to feel for any tenderness or masses. Choices A, B, and C have the incorrect sequence of assessment techniques.
4. Which nutrient deficiency produces microcytic anemia, fatigue, faulty digestion, blue sclerae, pale conjunctivae, and tachycardia?
- A. Zinc
- B. Iron
- C. Sodium
- D. Potassium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A deficiency in iron can lead to various symptoms, such as microcytic anemia, fatigue, faulty digestion, blue sclerae, pale conjunctivae, and tachycardia. Iron-deficiency anemia may be caused by inadequate dietary intake; accelerated demand or losses; and inadequate absorption secondary to diarrhea, decreased acid secretions, or antacid therapy. Iron deficiency is frequently the result of postnatal feeding practices and has a serious impact on growth and mental and psychomotor development in infants and children. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as zinc deficiency typically presents with symptoms like impaired wound healing, taste abnormalities, and hair loss; sodium deficiency can lead to symptoms such as muscle cramps, dizziness, and confusion; and potassium deficiency may cause muscle weakness, fatigue, and abnormal heart rhythms.
5. Dina, 17 years old, asks you how a tubal ligation prevents pregnancy. Which would be the best answer?
- A. Prostaglandins released from the cut fallopian tubes can kill sperm
- B. Sperm cannot enter the uterus because the cervical entrance is blocked
- C. Sperm can no longer reach the ova, because the fallopian tubes are blocked
- D. The ovary no longer releases ova as there is nowhere for them to go
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Sperm can no longer reach the ova because the fallopian tubes are blocked.' Tubal ligation works by blocking the fallopian tubes, preventing sperm from reaching the egg for fertilization. Choice A is incorrect because prostaglandins are not released from the cut fallopian tubes to kill sperm. Choice B is incorrect as the cervical entrance being blocked does not relate to tubal ligation. Choice D is incorrect because tubal ligation does not affect the release of ova from the ovary.