Nursing Elites

1. During which step of the nursing process does the nurse analyze data related to the patient's health status?

• A. Assessment
• B. Implementation
• C. Diagnosis
• D. Evaluation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Assessment.' During the assessment phase of the nursing process, the nurse collects and analyzes data related to the patient's health status. This involves gathering information through various means such as patient interviews, physical examinations, and reviewing medical records. Choice B, 'Implementation,' refers to the phase where the nurse carries out the planned interventions. Choices C and D, 'Diagnosis' and 'Evaluation,' come after the assessment phase in the nursing process.

2. Which monosaccharide is the most sweet?

• A. Glucose
• B. Dextrose
• C. Fructose
• D. Sucrose

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fructose is the sweetest of the monosaccharides. Note that glucose and dextrose are the same, and sucrose is a disaccharide, not a monosaccharide.

3. How do foods or supplements containing significant amounts of plant sterols help lower LDL cholesterol levels?

• A. reducing cholesterol synthesis
• B. suppressing inflammation
• C. reducing blood clotting
• D. interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Plant sterols interfere with cholesterol and bile absorption in the intestines. This interference helps lower LDL cholesterol levels by reducing the amount of cholesterol that enters the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because plant sterols primarily work by interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption, not by reducing cholesterol synthesis, suppressing inflammation, or reducing blood clotting.

4. What should Mrs. Smith do to increase her HDL levels, as advised by the nurse?

• A. Monitor her blood glucose levels
• B. Quit smoking
• C. Control her blood pressure
• D. Take fish oil supplements

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Quit smoking.' Smoking has been shown to lower HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) levels, and quitting can help to improve these levels. HDL is often referred to as 'good cholesterol' because it helps to remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of heart disease. While monitoring blood glucose levels, controlling blood pressure, and taking fish oil supplements can contribute to overall health and wellbeing, they do not directly increase HDL levels in the same way that quitting smoking does. Therefore, quitting smoking is the most effective way for Mrs. Smith to increase her HDL levels as advised by the nurse.

5. The following are appropriate nursing interventions during colostomy irrigation, EXCEPT:

• A. Increase the irrigating solution flow rate when abdominal cramps is felt
• B. Insert 2-4 inches of an adequately lubricated catheter to the stoma
• C. Position client in semi-Fowler
• D. Hang the solution 18 inches above the stoma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

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