Nursing Elites

1. Much of the research investigating probiotics and intestinal illness has focused on the prevention and treatment of _____.

• A. irritable bowel syndrome
• B. Crohn's disease
• C. diverticulitis
• D. infectious diarrhea

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: infectious diarrhea.' Research has extensively explored the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of infectious diarrhea. Probiotics can aid in restoring the balance of gut flora, thereby reducing symptoms. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while probiotics may have some benefits for these conditions, the primary focus of research in relation to probiotics and intestinal illness has been on infectious diarrhea.

2. What nutrition-related side effect is most likely to occur after head and neck surgery for cancer treatment?

• A. Aspiration
• B. Acid reflux
• C. Dumping syndrome
• D. Diarrhea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most likely nutrition-related side effect after head and neck surgery for cancer treatment is aspiration. This is due to changes in swallowing mechanics, which can cause food or liquids to be inhaled into the lungs. While acid reflux, dumping syndrome, and diarrhea are potential side effects related to nutrition, they are not as directly connected to head and neck surgery. Acid reflux is more often related to issues with the lower esophageal sphincter, dumping syndrome is typically a complication of gastric surgery, and diarrhea can have various causes, including certain medications or gastrointestinal illnesses.

3. A guideline that is utilized in determining priorities is to assess the status of the following, EXCEPT:

• A. perfusion
• B. locomotion
• C. respiration
• D. mentation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When determining priorities in patient care, assessing perfusion, respiration, and locomotion are crucial. However, assessing mentation is also important but not typically included in the ABCs of emergency care. Monitoring mentation is essential for neurological assessment and detecting changes in mental status, but it is not part of the immediate priorities in life-threatening situations.

4. A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of an infant about introducing solid foods. The nurse should recommend that which of the following foods be introduced first?

• A. Strained fruits
• B. Pureed meats
• C. Cooked egg whites
• D. Iron-fortified cereal

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When introducing solid foods to infants, it is recommended to start with iron-fortified cereal as it is easily digestible and a good source of iron, an important nutrient for infants around 6 months of age. Strained fruits are usually introduced later due to their natural sugars. Pureed meats can be introduced after iron-fortified cereals to provide additional protein and iron. Cooked egg whites should be avoided until the infant is at least one year old to reduce the risk of allergies.

5. Which statement does not describe a potential role of minerals in the body?

• A. they provide calories and energy to the body
• B. they help maintain fluid balance in the body
• C. they give teeth and bone their strength
• D. they help muscles contract

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Minerals do not provide calories or energy; instead, they play various roles such as building strong bones and teeth, maintaining fluid balance, and supporting muscle contractions.

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