Nursing Elites

1. A client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus is receiving dietary teaching from a nurse and plans to make dietary adjustments. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Consume less than 45% of total calories from carbohydrates per day.
• B. Eat no more than 300 mg of cholesterol per day.
• C. Consume less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight of protein per day.
• D. Eat at least 45 g of fiber per day.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: For a client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus, increasing fiber intake is essential as it can help manage blood sugar levels and improve overall bowel health. Choice A is incorrect because carbohydrates should be controlled but not limited to less than 45% of total calories. Choice B is incorrect as the recommended daily cholesterol intake for individuals with diabetes is less than 200 mg. Choice C is incorrect as protein intake should be individualized based on the client's condition and should not be limited to less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight per day.

2. In teaching the sister of a diabetic client about the proper use of a glucometer in determining the blood sugar level of the client, The nurse is focusing in which domain of learning according to bloom?

• A. Cognitive
• B. Affective
• C. Psychomotor
• D. Affiliative

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

3. Milk and other dairy products are preferred sources of calcium because lactose enhances calcium absorption.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. Milk and other dairy products are indeed preferred sources of calcium because they supply most of the available calcium. Additionally, lactose present in dairy products enhances calcium absorption, making them even more efficient sources of this essential mineral. The statement correctly identifies dairy products as preferred sources of calcium, and the reason explains how lactose contributes to better calcium absorption. The other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately assess the relationship between lactose, calcium absorption, and the preference for dairy products as sources of calcium.

4. Which of the following foods should be avoided by patients experiencing xerostomia, except one? Which is the exception?

• A. Saltines
• B. Salsa
• C. Alcohol
• D. Dill pickles

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Dill pickles. Unlike the other choices, which can exacerbate xerostomia due to their dry or irritating nature, dill pickles, being tart and sour, can actually help stimulate saliva flow, which is beneficial for patients with xerostomia. Saltines, salsa, and alcohol are all known to contribute to dry mouth and should generally be avoided by individuals experiencing xerostomia.

5. Which of the following are absorbed into the bloodstream without needing additional digestion?

• A. amino acids
• B. monosaccharides
• C. glycerol
• D. all of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Amino acids, monosaccharides, and glycerol are absorbed directly into the bloodstream without requiring further digestion.

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