a nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus and plans to make dietary adjustments which of th

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition

1. A client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus is receiving dietary teaching from a nurse and plans to make dietary adjustments. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. Consume less than 45% of total calories from carbohydrates per day.
B. Eat no more than 300 mg of cholesterol per day.
C. Consume less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight of protein per day.
D. Eat at least 45 g of fiber per day.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: For a client with nephropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus, increasing fiber intake is essential as it can help manage blood sugar levels and improve overall bowel health. Choice A is incorrect because carbohydrates should be controlled but not limited to less than 45% of total calories. Choice B is incorrect as the recommended daily cholesterol intake for individuals with diabetes is less than 200 mg. Choice C is incorrect as protein intake should be individualized based on the client's condition and should not be limited to less than 0.8 g/kg of body weight per day.

2. What is the main function of dietary fiber in managing cholesterol levels?

A. To reduce absorption of dietary fats
B. To increase cholesterol synthesis
C. To enhance protein digestion
D. To decrease cholesterol absorption

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Dietary fiber helps lower cholesterol levels by binding to bile acids and reducing cholesterol absorption.

3. The counting of sponges is done by the Surgeon together with the:

A. Circulating nurse
B. Scrub nurse
C. Assistant surgeon
D. Nurse supervisor

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. You are an ostomy nurse and you know that colostomy is defined as:

A. It is an incision into the colon to create an artificial opening to the exterior of the abdomen
B. It is end to end anastomosis of the gastric stump to the duodenum
C. It is end to end anastomosis of the gastric stump to the jejunum
D. It is an incision into the ileum to create an artificial opening to the exterior of the abdomen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

5. Generally, patients who wear dentures have reduced masticatory efficiency. Mandibular implant-supported dentures can have positive effects on the clinical aspects of mastication and swallowing.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. The first statement is true; the second is false
D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are true. Patients who wear dentures typically experience reduced masticatory efficiency. Mandibular implant-supported dentures are known to have positive effects on the clinical aspects of mastication and swallowing, significantly improving chewing function. Option A is correct because both statements align with these facts. Option B is incorrect as both statements are true. Option C is incorrect as the second statement is also true. Option D is incorrect as the first statement is true.