Nursing Elites

1. According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of psychology was on the scientific study of?

• A. Observable behavior.
• B. Conscious experience.
• C. Unconscious motivation.
• D. The functions of behavior.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Wilhelm Wundt's approach emphasized the study of conscious experience, marking a shift towards scientific methods in psychology. Choice A, observable behavior, is associated with behaviorism and not Wundt's structuralism. Choice C, unconscious motivation, is more aligned with Freud's psychoanalytic theory. Choice D, the functions of behavior, relates more to functionalism, which was developed by William James.

2. What are some common methods used to study genetic influences on behavior?

• A. Genetic influences are studied only through twin studies.
• B. Common methods include twin studies, adoption studies, and gene mapping.
• C. Genetic influences on behavior are only studied through family history.
• D. Genetic influences on behavior are not well understood.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Common methods used to study genetic influences on behavior include twin studies, adoption studies, and gene mapping. Twin studies help to compare the similarities between identical and fraternal twins to estimate the heritability of a trait. Adoption studies look at the similarities between adopted children and their biological and adoptive parents to determine genetic influences. Gene mapping involves identifying specific genes associated with certain behaviors. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because genetic influences on behavior are not solely studied through twin studies or family history, and while the understanding of genetic influences may vary, there are established methods to study them.

3. Which of the following characteristics best describes differences between bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa?

• A. Individuals with anorexia nervosa do not have as severe health risks as individuals with bulimia nervosa have.
• B. Individuals with bulimia nervosa may have a normal body weight.
• C. Individuals with anorexia nervosa have been known to binge like those with bulimia nervosa on occasion.
• D. Only those with bulimia nervosa display compensatory behaviors.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Individuals with bulimia nervosa may maintain a normal body weight, while anorexia nervosa is often associated with severe underweight. Choice A is incorrect because individuals with anorexia nervosa actually face severe health risks due to malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications. Choice C is incorrect as anorexia nervosa is characterized by restriction of food intake rather than binge eating. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with anorexia nervosa can also display compensatory behaviors such as excessive exercise or fasting.

4. A psychological disorder is said to have an acute onset if the symptoms develop ______, while it has an insidious onset if the symptoms develop ______.

• A. Suddenly;gradually
• B. Suddenly;atypically
• C. Gradually;atypically
• D. Atypically;suddenly

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An acute onset refers to the sudden development of symptoms, whereas an insidious onset indicates a gradual progression of symptoms. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Suddenly;gradually.' The other choices are incorrect because 'atypically' does not accurately describe the onset of symptoms in this context.

5. Which therapy style requires the therapist to actively confront a client's irrational beliefs?

• A. Person-centered therapy
• B. Psychodynamic psychotherapy
• C. Electroconvulsive therapy
• D. REBT

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy). REBT involves actively confronting and changing irrational beliefs. Choice A, Person-centered therapy, is focused on providing a supportive and empathetic environment rather than confronting irrational beliefs. Choice B, Psychodynamic psychotherapy, emphasizes exploring unconscious processes and early life experiences rather than direct confrontation of irrational beliefs. Choice C, Electroconvulsive therapy, is a biological treatment for severe depression and other mental illnesses, not a therapy style that involves confronting irrational beliefs.

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