ATI RN
Psychology 2301 Exam 1
1. Normal human cells have ________
- A. twenty-two chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes.
- B. twenty-one trisomy chromosome pairs, one autosomal pair, and one pair of sex chromosomes.
- C. twenty-one chromosome pairs and two trisomy chromosome pairs.
- D. twenty-three chromosome pairs.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Normal human cells have twenty-two chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes. This is the correct answer as it accurately describes the typical chromosome count in human cells. Choice B is incorrect because it mentions 'twenty-one trisomy chromosome pairs,' which is not characteristic of normal cells. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests having 'two trisomy chromosome pairs,' which is abnormal. Choice D is incorrect as it states 'twenty-three chromosome pairs,' which is not the standard count in normal human cells.
2. A client is starting a new prescription for verapamil. Which of the following instructions should be included?
- A. Take the medication with a full glass of water.
- B. Avoid grapefruit juice.
- C. Monitor blood pressure regularly.
- D. Monitor heart rate daily.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Clients prescribed verapamil should be advised to avoid grapefruit juice as it can potentiate the drug's effects, leading to adverse reactions. Grapefruit juice can inhibit the metabolism of verapamil, resulting in higher blood levels of the medication and an increased risk of side effects. Instructions such as taking the medication with a full glass of water (Choice A) are not specific to verapamil and are generally recommended. While monitoring blood pressure regularly (Choice C) is important for clients on antihypertensive medications, it is not a direct concern related to verapamil. Monitoring heart rate daily (Choice D) is not a primary consideration when starting verapamil, as it is more commonly used for its effects on blood pressure and arrhythmias rather than heart rate.
3. Which of the following symptoms may be exhibited by a client with Crohn’s disease?
- A. Bloody diarrhea
- B. Narrow stools
- C. N/V
- D. Steatorrhea
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Clients with Crohn's disease may exhibit symptoms such as steatorrhea, which is the presence of excess fat in the stool.
4. Which of the following is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?
- A. decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles
- B. increased cardiac output
- C. decreased respiratory rate
- D. increased urinary output
Correct answer: increased cardiac output
Rationale: Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to an increase in cardiac output. When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, it causes the heart to beat faster and with more force, leading to an increased cardiac output. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the sympathetic nervous system does not cause decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles, decreased respiratory rate, or increased urinary output.
5. A healthcare professional is assessing a client with major depressive disorder. Which of the following findings should the professional expect? Select one that does not apply.
- A. Anhedonia
- B. Hypersomnia
- C. Fatigue
- D. Flight of ideas
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In major depressive disorder, common findings include anhedonia (loss of interest or pleasure), hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness), fatigue, and feelings of worthlessness. Flight of ideas, characterized by racing thoughts and rapid speech, is more commonly associated with bipolar disorder, particularly during manic episodes. Therefore, 'Flight of ideas' does not apply to the expected findings in major depressive disorder.
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