Nursing Elites

1. What research method involves researchers using interviews and/or questionnaires to collect data about attitudes, interests, values, and various kinds of behaviors?

• A. Case study
• B. Survey
• C. Naturalistic observation
• D. Correlational study

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Survey. A survey is a research method where data is collected through interviews or questionnaires about various behaviors and attitudes. In a case study (choice A), researchers closely examine a particular individual or group. Naturalistic observation (choice C) involves observing subjects in their natural environment. Correlational study (choice D) examines the relationship between two variables but does not involve collecting data through interviews or questionnaires.

2. Franklin wakes up in a homeless shelter in another town. He doesn't know where he is or how he got there, and he's confused when people say he has been calling himself Anthony. This is most likely an episode of dissociative?

• A. Amnesia
• B. Dissociative fugue
• C. Wandering
• D. Flight of ideas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Dissociative fugue. In the scenario described, Franklin experiencing memory loss, travel to another town, assuming a new identity (calling himself Anthony) aligns with dissociative fugue. Amnesia (Choice A) involves memory loss without the additional aspects of travel and assuming a new identity. Wandering (Choice C) is vague and does not encompass the complete set of symptoms described. Flight of ideas (Choice D) is a symptom of conditions like mania, not dissociative disorders.

3. Biological discoveries ________.

• A. have lessened the subjectivity of definitions of abnormality.
• B. demonstrate that the environment plays only a minimal role in the development of psychopathology.
• C. make it clear that mental disorders are diseases and should be dealt with by the medical profession.
• D. have led to a recognition of the role that genetic factors and other biological influences play in the development of many disorders.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Biological discoveries have indeed led to a recognition of the role that genetic factors and other biological influences play in the development of many disorders. This understanding has shifted the focus from purely environmental explanations to acknowledging the significant impact of genetics and biology on mental health. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because biological discoveries have not specifically addressed the subjectivity of definitions of abnormality, minimized the role of the environment in psychopathology, or definitively classified mental disorders as diseases that should only be handled by the medical profession.

4. Children raised in orphanages tend to have ________.

• A. more cortical gray matter than those raised by their parents.
• B. less cortical gray matter than those raised by their parents.
• C. more friendships than those raised by their parents.
• D. fewer friendships than those raised by their parents.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'less cortical gray matter than those raised by their parents.' Studies have shown that children raised in orphanages tend to have less cortical gray matter compared to those raised by their parents. This is due to the lack of individualized care, attention, and stimulation that can negatively impact brain development. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because there is no direct correlation between cortical gray matter and the number of friendships when comparing children raised in orphanages and those raised by their parents.

5. What major departure did Freud's position have from prevailing viewpoints around the early 1900s?

• A. Viewed abnormal behavior as resulting from biological causes.
• B. Viewed people as not fully aware of the forces that control their behavior.
• C. Proposed the existence of free will.
• D. Emphasized environmental forces on behavior.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Freud's major departure from prevailing viewpoints around the early 1900s was that he viewed people as not fully aware of the forces that control their behavior. This is reflected in his emphasis on unconscious forces influencing behavior. Choice A is incorrect as Freud focused on psychological rather than solely biological causes. Choice C is incorrect as Freud's theory did not emphasize free will but rather unconscious drives. Choice D is incorrect as Freud emphasized internal psychological forces over external environmental factors.

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