ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology
1. A patient is being administered chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Which of the following blood cells will be stimulated by the colony-stimulating factors in response to the effects of the chemotherapy?
- A. White blood cells
- B. Red blood cells
- C. Phagocytes
- D. Myocardial cells
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is White blood cells. Colony-stimulating factors stimulate the production of white blood cells in response to the effects of chemotherapy, as it can lead to myelosuppression. Red blood cells are not directly stimulated by colony-stimulating factors. Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell involved in immune responses, but they are not specifically stimulated by colony-stimulating factors. Myocardial cells are cardiac muscle cells and are not directly involved in the response to chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression.
2. The nurse needs to start an intravenous (IV) line on an 8-year-old child to begin administering intravenous antibiotics. The child starts to cry and tells the nurse, "Do it later, okay?" What action should the nurse take?
- A. Postpone starting the IV until the next shift.
- B. Start the IV line and then allow for expression of feelings.
- C. Change the route of the antibiotics to PO.
- D. Postpone starting the IV line until the child is ready.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Starting the IV as planned while allowing the child to express feelings afterward helps build trust and ensures the timely administration of necessary antibiotics. Delaying the procedure or changing the route could compromise the child's treatment.
3. What is the traditional cutoff in diagnosing intellectual disability?
- A. IQ score below 80
- B. IQ score below 70
- C. IQ score below 60
- D. IQ score below 50
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The traditional cutoff for diagnosing intellectual disability is an IQ score below 70. An IQ score below 70 is generally considered as the threshold for diagnosing intellectual disability. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the commonly accepted cutoff point for diagnosing intellectual disability.
4. A nurse is assessing a client who is 48 hours postoperative following abdominal surgery. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Serosanguineous drainage on the surgical dressing.
- B. Temperature of 37.8°C (100°F).
- C. Urine output of 75 mL in the past 4 hours.
- D. WBC count of 15,000/mm³.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. An elevated WBC count can indicate a potential infection, especially in a postoperative client. This finding should be reported to the provider for further evaluation and management. Choices A, B, and C are common occurrences in postoperative clients and may not necessarily indicate a severe issue. Serosanguineous drainage on the surgical dressing is a normal finding in the immediate postoperative period. A temperature of 37.8°C (100°F) can be a mild fever, which is common postoperatively due to the body's response to tissue injury. Urine output of 75 mL in the past 4 hours may be within normal limits for a postoperative client, especially if they are still recovering from anesthesia.
5. What nursing consideration is most important when caring for a child with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
- A. Children with ESRD usually adapt well to minor inconveniences of treatment.
- B. Children with ESRD require extensive support until they outgrow the condition.
- C. Multiple stresses are placed on children with ESRD and their families until the illness is cured.
- D. Multiple stresses are placed on children with ESRD and their families because children's lives are maintained by drugs and artificial means.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: ESRD places significant stress on both the child and the family due to the ongoing need for dialysis, medications, and lifestyle restrictions, making it important for healthcare providers to offer extensive support and resources to manage these challenges.
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