Nursing Elites

1. The neurotransmitter GABA mainly functions to trigger inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Therefore, when explaining this to a group of nursing students, the nurse will state:

• A. It takes at least three chemical substances (amino acids, neuropeptides, and monoamines) to stimulate any activity between the cells.
• B. There is a symbiotic relationship; therefore, the end result will be depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
• C. The combination of GABA with a receptor site is inhibitory since it causes the local nerve membrane to become hyperpolarized and less excitable.
• D. The neurotransmitters will interact with cholinergic receptors to bind to acetylcholine in order to produce hypopolarization within the cell.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When GABA binds with a receptor site, it causes hyperpolarization of the local nerve membrane, making it less excitable. This hyperpolarization leads to inhibition of nerve cell activity. Choice A is incorrect because GABA is a neurotransmitter itself and does not require three chemical substances to stimulate activity between cells. Choice B is incorrect as GABA triggers inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), leading to hyperpolarization, not depolarization, of the postsynaptic membrane. Choice D is also incorrect as it describes a process involving cholinergic receptors and acetylcholine, which is unrelated to GABA's mechanism of action.

2. How can a nurse determine the efficacy of a child's mebendazole treatment for roundworm after 3 weeks?

• A. Liver function tests
• B. Stool for ova and parasites
• C. Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy
• D. Rectal swab for culture

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stool for ova and parasites. To assess the efficacy of treatment for roundworm, the nurse would examine the stool for ova (eggs) and parasites. This test helps determine if the infection has been cleared. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because liver function tests are not commonly used to monitor roundworm treatment efficacy, and colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy as well as rectal swab for culture are not routine diagnostic tests for assessing the effectiveness of mebendazole treatment for roundworm.

3. A woman of childbearing age is diagnosed with breast cancer. She is currently taking hormonal contraceptives. What information should the woman be given regarding the hormonal contraceptives?

• A. The hormonal contraceptives do not affect the course of the disease.
• B. The hormonal contraceptives will stimulate uterine bleeding.
• C. The hormonal contraceptives will impair uterine bleeding.
• D. The hormonal contraceptives will stimulate tumor growth.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Hormonal contraceptives should be discontinued in women diagnosed with breast cancer because they can potentially stimulate cancer growth. Choice B is incorrect as hormonal contraceptives do not stimulate uterine bleeding. Choice C is also incorrect as hormonal contraceptives typically do not impair uterine bleeding. Choice D is incorrect because hormonal contraceptives are not meant to stimulate tumor growth.

4. Which of the following is a sign of hypoglycemia?

• A. Rapid, deep breathing
• B. Increased urination
• C. Weakness and confusion
• D. High blood pressure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Weakness and confusion. Hypoglycemia is characterized by low blood sugar levels, leading to inadequate glucose supply to the brain, resulting in symptoms like weakness and confusion. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Rapid, deep breathing is not typically a sign of hypoglycemia but can be seen in other conditions like respiratory issues. Increased urination is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes mellitus, while high blood pressure is not a typical sign of hypoglycemia.

5. Innate resistance or immunity:

• A. Involves 'memory'
• B. Is a development of an individual's later years
• C. Is a relatively slow and specific process
• D. Depends on physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Innate resistance or immunity relies on the body's natural defenses like physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers. These barriers act as the first line of defense against pathogens and do not involve memory (choice A). Innate immunity is present from birth and does not develop over an individual's later years (choice B). Additionally, innate immunity is a rapid and nonspecific process, not a slow and specific one (choice C). Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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