ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 2
1. When teaching a young woman about the use of hormonal contraceptives, a nurse should emphasize that these drugs are most effective when taken:
- A. Immediately after sexual intercourse.
- B. At the same time each day.
- C. Before going to bed at night.
- D. On an empty stomach.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'At the same time each day.' Hormonal contraceptives should be taken consistently at the same time each day to maintain stable hormone levels, which is crucial for their effectiveness. Taking them at random times can increase the risk of contraceptive failure. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking hormonal contraceptives immediately after sexual intercourse, before going to bed at night, or on an empty stomach does not align with the recommended usage instructions for these drugs.
2. What is the most appropriate intervention for a patient experiencing hypoglycemia?
- A. Administer glucagon
- B. Provide oral glucose
- C. Administer IV fluids
- D. Monitor blood sugar levels
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Providing oral glucose is the correct intervention for a patient experiencing hypoglycemia. Oral glucose helps quickly raise blood sugar levels, making it the preferred treatment for mild hypoglycemia. Administering glucagon (Choice A) is usually reserved for severe cases when the patient cannot take anything by mouth. Administering IV fluids (Choice C) is not the primary intervention for hypoglycemia unless the patient is severely dehydrated. Monitoring blood sugar levels (Choice D) is important but providing glucose is the immediate priority to treat hypoglycemia.
3. What is the correct method of administering insulin to a patient with diabetes?
- A. Administer subcutaneously
- B. Administer intramuscularly
- C. Administer intravenously
- D. Administer orally
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct method of administering insulin to a patient with diabetes is to administer it subcutaneously. Insulin is typically injected into the fatty tissue just below the skin, allowing for a slow and consistent absorption into the bloodstream. Administering insulin intramuscularly (Choice B) is not recommended as it can lead to unpredictable absorption rates and potential complications. Administering insulin intravenously (Choice C) is only done in specific medical settings and not for routine diabetes management. Administering insulin orally (Choice D) is ineffective as the stomach acid would break down the insulin before it can be absorbed.
4. Meditation has been shown to be an effective stress management technique. When meditation is effective, what should a healthcare professional expect to assess?
- A. An achieved state of relaxation
- B. An achieved insight into one's feelings
- C. A demonstration of appropriate role behaviors
- D. An enhanced ability to problem-solve
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: When meditation is effective, a healthcare professional should expect to assess an achieved state of relaxation. Meditation is known to facilitate a special state of consciousness through concentrated focus, leading to a sense of calm and relaxation. While meditation can sometimes provide insights into one's feelings, the primary outcome related to stress management is the promotion of relaxation. Choices C and D are not directly related to the typical outcomes of effective meditation for stress management.
5. The client was asked to read the Snellen chart. Which of the following is being tested?
- A. Optic
- B. Olfactory
- C. Oculomotor
- D. Trochlear
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Optic. The Snellen chart is used to test visual acuity, which assesses the function of the optic nerve responsible for vision. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Olfactory relates to the sense of smell, oculomotor controls eye movement, and trochlear controls certain eye muscles. Therefore, the only option related to vision testing in this context is the optic nerve.
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