a nurse is providing education to a patient who is starting on medroxyprogesterone acetate provera for endometriosis what should the nurse include in

ATI RN

ATI Pathophysiology Test Bank

1. A patient is starting on medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) for endometriosis. What should the nurse include in the patient teaching?

A. Take the medication with food to prevent nausea.
B. Take the medication at the same time each day to maintain consistent hormone levels.
C. Avoid prolonged sun exposure while taking this medication.
D. Discontinue the medication if side effects occur.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Patients starting on medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) for endometriosis should be instructed to take the medication at the same time each day to maintain consistent hormone levels and effectiveness. Choice A is incorrect because medroxyprogesterone acetate can be taken with or without food. Choice C is unrelated to the medication and not a specific concern with its use. Choice D is incorrect as patients should not discontinue the medication without consulting their healthcare provider, even if side effects occur.

2. How does influenza immunization produce immunity?

A. The virus from the vaccine remains in the body until the end of the season
B. An attenuated virus causes immune system suppression and triggers immunity
C. The body identifies the virus and develops antibodies against the virus
D. The vaccine remains in the injection site and produces immune cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Influenza immunization works by introducing a weakened or inactivated form of the virus into the body, allowing the immune system to recognize it as foreign. This recognition triggers the production of antibodies specific to the virus. Choice A is incorrect as the virus in the vaccine does not remain in the body until the end of the season. Choice B is incorrect as an attenuated virus does not cause immune system suppression but rather stimulates an immune response. Choice D is incorrect because the vaccine does not stay at the injection site but rather prompts a systemic immune response throughout the body.

3. Which immunoglobulin presents the first challenge to the antigen?

A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE

Correct answer: C

Rationale: IgM is the first immunoglobulin to challenge the antigen during an immune response. IgM is the primary antibody produced during the initial or primary immune response. It is efficient in agglutination and complement activation, making it crucial in the early stages of defense. IgA is mainly found in mucosal areas and secretions. IgG is the most abundant antibody in circulation and is involved in secondary immune responses. IgE is primarily associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infections. Therefore, IgM is the correct choice as it acts first during the immune response, while the other immunoglobulins have different roles and functions.

4. What therapeutic effect is expected from tamsulosin (Flomax) in a male patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

A. Relaxation of the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, leading to improved urinary flow.
B. Increase in urine flow and relief of urinary obstruction.
C. Reduction in prostate size and improvement in urinary symptoms.
D. Improvement in erectile function.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Relaxation of the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, leading to improved urinary flow.' Tamsulosin is an alpha-blocker that specifically targets alpha-1 receptors in the prostate and bladder neck, causing relaxation of smooth muscles. This relaxation results in improved urinary flow and reduced symptoms of BPH. Choice B is incorrect because while tamsulosin does improve urinary flow, it does not directly increase urine flow. Choice C is incorrect because tamsulosin does not reduce prostate size. Choice D is incorrect as tamsulosin does not have a primary effect on erectile function.

5. A nurse is teaching a young adult patient about oral contraceptives, which the patient will soon begin taking. The patient's primary concern is the effectiveness of the medication in preventing pregnancy. The nurse should teach the patient that oral contraceptives, when taken consistently, are how effective in preventing pregnancy?

A. Between 96% and 98%
B. Approximately 98.5%
C. Highly effective, but partially dependent on genetic factors
D. Nearly 100%

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When taken correctly, estrogen–progestin contraceptive preparations are nearly 100% effective in preventing pregnancy. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A suggests a range below the actual effectiveness, choice B provides a specific percentage that is not accurate, and choice C introduces the concept of genetic factors which is not relevant to the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.