Nursing Elites

1. A dental hygienist finds several new carious lesions in a patient with chronic obstructive respiratory disease (COPD). While conducting the medical and dental histories, the dental hygienist is most likely to find an increased use of which of the following?

• A. Protein
• B. Cough drops
• C. Fluoride
• D. Xylitol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cough drops. Patients with COPD often use cough drops to manage their symptoms, which can lead to an increase in carious lesions due to their sugar content. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as protein, fluoride, and xylitol are not typically associated with an increased risk of carious lesions in patients with COPD.

2. Each of the following is a function of vitamin A, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Prevention of night blindness
• B. Growth of soft tissues and bone
• C. Maintenance of more than 200 genes
• D. Integrity of body openings and their linings

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Maintenance of more than 200 genes is not a function of vitamin A; instead, it is a function of Vitamin D. Vitamin A plays a crucial role in the prevention of night blindness by aiding in the production of the visual pigment rhodopsin. It also supports the growth of soft tissues and bone, as well as the integrity of body openings and their linings. Choice C is incorrect because the maintenance of genes is primarily associated with Vitamin D, not Vitamin A.

3. A healthcare provider is teaching a client about nutritional requirements necessary to promote wound healing. Which of the following nutrients should the provider include in the teaching?

• A. Protein
• B. Calcium
• C. Vitamin B1
• D. Vitamin D

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Protein is crucial for wound healing as it plays a vital role in tissue repair and synthesis. Calcium is important for bone health but not directly related to wound healing. Vitamin B1 is essential for energy production but not specifically significant for wound healing. Vitamin D is essential for bone health and immune function but is not a primary nutrient emphasized for wound healing.

4. A nurse provides discharge instructions to a client about the food items that interact with warfarin effectiveness. Which food item indicates that the teaching was effective?

• A. Cauliflower
• B. Zucchini
• C. Green beans
• D. Broccoli

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cauliflower is high in vitamin K, which can interact with warfarin.

5. Which of the following statements are correct?

• A. Lipids are transported in the blood as lipoproteins, which are clusters of lipids associated with proteins.
• B. In type II diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, but cells are resistant to this signal.
• C. The glycemic index classifies foods based on their potential to raise blood glucose levels.
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Option A is correct because lipoproteins indeed transport lipids in the blood. They are complexes of lipids and proteins that transport water-insoluble lipids through the blood. Option B is correct as it accurately describes the condition of type II diabetes where the pancreas can produce insulin, but the cells are resistant to its signal, causing an ineffective regulation of blood sugar. Option C is also correct because the glycemic index is indeed a classification system for foods based on their potential to raise blood glucose levels. High glycemic index foods raise blood glucose levels faster than low glycemic index foods. Hence, all the statements are correct, making option D the correct answer.

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