Nursing Elites

1. A dental hygienist finds several new carious lesions in a patient with chronic obstructive respiratory disease (COPD). While conducting the medical and dental histories, the dental hygienist is most likely to find an increased use of which of the following?

• A. Protein
• B. Cough drops
• C. Fluoride
• D. Xylitol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cough drops. Patients with COPD often use cough drops to manage their symptoms, which can lead to an increase in carious lesions due to their sugar content. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as protein, fluoride, and xylitol are not typically associated with an increased risk of carious lesions in patients with COPD.

2. A client with hypertension is being educated by a nurse about a heart-healthy diet. Which of the following statements indicates that the client understands the teaching?

• A. I will get 15% of my total daily calories from saturated fats.
• B. I will decrease the potassium in my diet.
• C. I will limit my daily sodium intake to 3 grams.
• D. I will eat five 8-ounce servings of fruit daily.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Limiting daily sodium intake to 3 grams is crucial in managing blood pressure and is a fundamental aspect of a heart-healthy diet. High sodium intake can contribute to hypertension and cardiovascular issues. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because getting 15% of daily calories from saturated fats, decreasing potassium intake, and eating five servings of fruit do not directly address the management of hypertension through sodium restriction.

3. Richard is a subject of a research lead by his doctor. The nurse knows that all of the following is a correct understanding as his right as a research subject except:

• A. I can withdraw with this research even after the research has been started
• B. My confidentiality will not be compromised in this research
• C. I must choose another doctor if I withdrew from this research
• D. I can withdraw with this research before the research has been started

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

4. Gina, A client in prolong labor said she cannot go on anymore. The health care team decided that both the child and the mother cannot anymore endure the process. The baby is premature and has a little chance of surviving. Caesarian section is not possible because Gina already lost enough blood during labor and additional losses would tend to be fatal. The husband decided that Gina should survive and gave his consent to terminate the fetus. The principle that will be used by the health care team is:

• A. Beneficence
• B. Non malfeasance
• C. Justice
• D. Double effect

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

5. AIDS enteropathy is most commonly manifested as _____.

• A. abdominal pain and rectal bleeding
• B. diarrhea and weight loss
• C. abdominal bloating and flatulence
• D. rectal fissures and constipation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: AIDS enteropathy typically presents as diarrhea and weight loss due to the impact of HIV on the gastrointestinal tract. While abdominal pain and rectal bleeding (Choice A), abdominal bloating and flatulence (Choice C), and rectal fissures and constipation (Choice D) can occur in some cases, the most common manifestations are diarrhea and weight loss.

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