Nursing Elites

1. A patient who is recovering from surgery should increase their intake of which nutrient to promote healing?

• A. Fats
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Protein
• D. Fiber

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Protein is crucial for tissue repair and recovery after surgery. Proteins provide the building blocks necessary for tissue healing and regeneration. Fats are important for various bodily functions but are not as directly involved in tissue repair as proteins. Carbohydrates provide energy but do not play a primary role in tissue healing. Fiber is essential for digestive health but is not a nutrient that directly promotes tissue repair.

2. Which statement by a client indicates a need for further teaching about food safety?

• A. I will use the food before the expiration date listed on the package.
• B. I will wash my strawberries before I eat them.
• C. I will drink unpasteurized milk as it has many gut-healthy probiotics.
• D. I will wash my hands after I prepare raw chicken.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because drinking unpasteurized milk can contain harmful bacteria, which poses a risk to food safety. Choice A is correct as it emphasizes using food before the expiration date. Choice B is also correct as washing fruits before consumption is a good food safety practice. Choice D is correct as well since washing hands after handling raw chicken is crucial to prevent cross-contamination. Therefore, choice C is the only statement that indicates a need for further teaching on food safety.

3. With which type of cancer is asbestos exposure most strongly associated?

• A. Liver cancer
• B. Peritoneal cancer
• C. Skin cancer
• D. Esophageal cancer

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Asbestos exposure is most strongly associated with peritoneal cancer, a type of cancer that affects the lining of the abdomen. While asbestos can potentially contribute to other types of cancer, there is a significant body of research indicating a robust correlation between asbestos exposure and peritoneal cancer. Asbestos exposure can also lead to mesothelioma, a cancer that affects the lining of the chest. The other options - liver cancer, skin cancer, and esophageal cancer - are not typically associated with asbestos exposure.

4. What physiologic role does calcium play in the body?

• A. Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation
• B. Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle
• C. No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties
• D. ATP energy release; metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins; regulates acid-base balance.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation.' Calcium plays a crucial role in various physiological functions such as blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation, membrane permeability, and activation of certain enzymes. Choice B is incorrect because while calcium is involved in calcium homeostasis, it is not the only role it plays in the body. Choice C is incorrect as calcium indeed has several known metabolic functions, and it is not solely for preventing caries. Choice D is also incorrect as the functions mentioned are primarily carried out by other nutrients and not specifically by calcium.

5. What is the most common nutritional disorder for the older adult?

• A. Obesity
• B. Underweight
• C. Vitamin deficiency
• D. Dehydration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Obesity. Among older adults, obesity is the most common nutritional disorder. This is often attributed to reduced physical activity levels and changes in metabolism that occur with aging. Choice B (Underweight) is less common among older adults as compared to obesity. While choices C (Vitamin deficiency) and D (Dehydration) are important nutritional issues, they are generally not as prevalent as obesity in the older adult population.

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