Nursing Elites

1. Where is Vitamin K synthesized?

• A. by bacteria in the GI tract
• B. by the body by sunlight
• C. deficiency is called beriberi
• D. found in vegetable oils

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Choice B is incorrect as the synthesis of Vitamin D, not K, can be induced by sunlight exposure. Choice C is incorrect as beriberi is a condition caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, not Vitamin K. Choice D is incorrect as Vitamin E is commonly found in vegetable oils, not Vitamin K.

2. A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of an infant about introducing solid foods. The nurse should recommend that which of the following foods be introduced first?

• A. Strained fruits
• B. Pureed meats
• C. Cooked egg whites
• D. Iron-fortified cereal

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When introducing solid foods to infants, it is recommended to start with iron-fortified cereal as it is easily digestible and a good source of iron, an important nutrient for infants around 6 months of age. Strained fruits are usually introduced later due to their natural sugars. Pureed meats can be introduced after iron-fortified cereals to provide additional protein and iron. Cooked egg whites should be avoided until the infant is at least one year old to reduce the risk of allergies.

3. Clients with type 2 diabetes are most likely to achieve metabolic control if they:

• A. lose weight
• B. use self-monitoring of blood glucose
• C. eliminate all dietary sugars
• D. eat three regular meals daily

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Weight loss improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, making it a key strategy in managing type 2 diabetes.

4. A nurse is caring for a client following an appendectomy. The nurse verifies the postoperative prescription which reads, 'Discontinue NPO status; advance diet as tolerated.' Which of the following are appropriate for the nurse to offer the client? (SATA)

• A. Wheat toast
• B. Applesauce
• C. Applesauce, Chicken broth
• D. Chicken broth

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Applesauce and chicken broth. After an appendectomy, patients are typically started on a clear liquid diet before advancing to more solid foods. Applesauce and chicken broth are part of a low-residue diet that is easily digestible and gentle on the digestive system, making them suitable choices for a client following surgery. Wheat toast may be too heavy and fibrous initially, while other solid foods should be introduced gradually to prevent gastrointestinal upset.

5. In a patient with chronic kidney disease, which dietary modification is recommended?

• A. Increase protein intake
• B. Reduce potassium intake
• C. Increase sodium intake
• D. Reduce fiber intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Reducing potassium intake is important for patients with chronic kidney disease to prevent hyperkalemia.

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