ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 2
1. A client with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is receiving anticoagulant therapy. Which complication should the nurse monitor for?
- A. Pulmonary embolism
- B. Gastrointestinal bleeding
- C. Hemorrhagic stroke
- D. Renal insufficiency
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, pulmonary embolism. In a client with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) receiving anticoagulant therapy, the nurse should monitor for pulmonary embolism, as it is a serious complication. Pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot dislodges from the veins and travels to the lungs, potentially causing life-threatening consequences. Choices B, gastrointestinal bleeding, C, hemorrhagic stroke, and D, renal insufficiency, are not directly associated with deep vein thrombosis or anticoagulant therapy. While these complications may occur in other situations, they are not the primary concern when managing a client with a history of DVT.
2. A provider is discharging a client with a prescription for home oxygen therapy. Client and family teaching by the nurse should include all of the following instructions except?
- A. Cleanse the mask or collar with soapy water every other day.
- B. Ensure that the straps on the mask are secure but not too tight.
- C. Apply petroleum jelly around and inside the nares.
- D. Post 'no smoking' warning signs at home in a prominent location.
Correct answer: Apply petroleum jelly around and inside the nares
Rationale: When providing instructions for home oxygen therapy, it is important to ensure safety and proper care. Choices A, B, and D are all essential instructions for the client and family. Choice C, 'Apply petroleum jelly around and inside the nares,' is incorrect. Petroleum jelly should not be used near oxygen sources as it is flammable and can increase the risk of fire hazard. Therefore, this instruction should not be included in the teaching.
3. A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing dysphagia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
- A. Administer thickened liquids.
- B. Provide small bites of food.
- C. Encourage the client to eat quickly to avoid fatigue.
- D. Have the client lie supine after meals.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct intervention for a client with dysphagia is to administer thickened liquids. Thickened liquids help prevent aspiration, which is a common risk for clients with swallowing difficulties. Providing small bites of food (choice B) can help, but the priority is to modify the liquid consistency. Encouraging the client to eat quickly (choice C) is not recommended as it may increase the risk of aspiration and fatigue. Having the client lie supine after meals (choice D) can actually increase the risk of aspiration, especially in clients with dysphagia.
4. Which of the following groups of psychologists would be most likely to focus on individual uniqueness, freedom, and potential for growth as a person?
- A. Behaviorists
- B. Psychoanalysts
- C. Humanists
- D. Gestalt psychologists
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Humanists. Humanistic psychologists emphasize individual uniqueness, freedom, and the potential for personal growth. They believe in the importance of personal experiences and self-actualization. Behaviorists (choice A) focus on observable behaviors and environmental influences. Psychoanalysts (choice B) are more concerned with unconscious processes and early childhood experiences. Gestalt psychologists (choice D) concentrate on perception and the organization of experience, rather than individual uniqueness and personal growth.
5. What diet is most appropriate for the child with chronic renal failure (CRF)?
- A. Low in protein
- B. Low in vitamin D
- C. Low in phosphorus
- D. Supplemented with vitamins A, E, and K
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A low-phosphorus diet is important in managing chronic renal failure to prevent hyperphosphatemia and its associated complications, such as bone disease. Protein intake should be controlled but not necessarily low, and vitamin D supplementation is often required, not reduced.
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