ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2019
1. A client has a new prescription for methotrexate to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis. The nurse should expect to monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
- A. Insomnia
- B. Hypertension
- C. Bone marrow suppression
- D. Constipation
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is bone marrow suppression (Choice C). Methotrexate can lead to bone marrow suppression, resulting in adverse effects such as anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Monitoring for signs of decreased blood cell counts is essential to prevent complications and adjust treatment as needed. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Insomnia, hypertension, and constipation are not typically associated with methotrexate use in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
2. What factor is most likely to enhance the effectiveness of health education?
- A. Using culturally relevant materials
- B. Using medical jargon
- C. Providing lengthy written materials
- D. Distributing generic brochures
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most effective factor to enhance health education is using culturally relevant materials. This approach makes the information more accessible and relatable to the target audience, leading to better understanding and engagement.
3. What ECG changes are expected in a patient with hypokalemia?
- A. Flattened T waves
- B. Prominent U waves
- C. Widened QRS complexes
- D. Tall T waves
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Flattened T waves are an early indicator of hypokalemia on an ECG. Hypokalemia primarily presents with flattened T waves, not prominent U waves, widened QRS complexes, or tall T waves. Prominent U waves are associated with hypokalemia only in severe cases. Widened QRS complexes are more indicative of hyperkalemia, while tall T waves are seen in hyperkalemia as well.
4. Which of the following statements about time management is true?
- A. Time management is not important in nursing
- B. Writing goals will increase stress
- C. Effective time management reduces stress
- D. Setting goals is a time waster
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Effective time management reduces stress. Proper time management allows nurses to prioritize tasks, allocate sufficient time for each activity, and reduce the feeling of being overwhelmed. This, in turn, helps in reducing stress levels and increasing productivity. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Time management is crucial in nursing to ensure efficient patient care and task completion. Writing goals helps in providing direction and motivation, reducing stress rather than increasing it. Setting goals is not a time waster; it is a fundamental aspect of effective time management.
5. What is the primary treatment for Kawasaki disease?
- A. Corticosteroids
- B. Intravenous immunoglobulin
- C. Antibiotics
- D. Antivirals
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). IVIG is the primary treatment for Kawasaki disease, an acute vasculitis that mainly affects children under 5 years old. Early administration of IVIG is crucial as it helps reduce the risk of coronary artery aneurysms, which is the most serious complication of Kawasaki disease. Corticosteroids (Choice A) are not the primary treatment for Kawasaki disease and are not recommended due to potential adverse effects. Antibiotics (Choice C) are not indicated for the treatment of Kawasaki disease as it is not caused by a bacterial infection. Antivirals (Choice D) are also not part of the standard treatment for Kawasaki disease, as it is not caused by a viral infection.
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