Nursing Elites

1. Your patient has the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.26, PaCO2 28, HCO3 11 mEq/L. How would the nurse interpret the results?

• A. Respiratory acidosis with no compensation
• B. Metabolic alkalosis with a compensatory alkalosis
• C. Metabolic acidosis with no compensation
• D. Metabolic acidosis with a compensatory respiratory alkalosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The given arterial blood gas results show a low pH, indicating acidosis, with normal pH range being 7.35 to 7.45. The low PaCO2 suggests alkalosis, while the low bicarb level indicates acidosis. In this scenario, the primary issue is the metabolic acidosis, as the pH bicarb relationship supports this. The compensatory response to metabolic acidosis is a decrease in PaCO2, leading to a respiratory alkalosis. Therefore, the correct interpretation is 'Metabolic acidosis with a compensatory respiratory alkalosis.' Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the relationship between the pH, PaCO2, and HCO3 levels in the arterial blood gas results provided.

2. An increase in capillary blood pressure would tend to:

• A. increase interstitial fluid volume.
• B. increase plasma volume.
• C. decrease interstitial fluid volume.
• D. increase plasma volume and decrease interstitial fluid volume.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An increase in capillary blood pressure leads to a higher force pushing fluid out of the capillaries into the interstitial space, thereby increasing interstitial fluid volume. Choice B is incorrect because capillary blood pressure affects the movement of fluid into the interstitial space, not into the plasma. Choice C is incorrect as an increase in capillary blood pressure would not decrease interstitial fluid volume. Choice D is incorrect as it combines contradictory effects when capillary blood pressure increases.

3. Where is the largest volume of water in the body located?

• A. Plasma
• B. The fluid inside the cells
• C. Interstitial fluid
• D. Lymph

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The largest volume of water in the body is found inside the cells, known as intracellular fluid. This fluid makes up the majority of the body's total water content. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph are important components of the body's fluid compartments, they do not contain the largest volume of water in the body.

4. A nurse teaches a client who is prescribed a central vascular access device. Which statement should the nurse include in this clients teaching?

• A. You will need to wear a sling on your arm while the device is in place
• B. There is no risk of infection because sterile technique will be used during insertion.
• C. . Ask all providers to vigorously clean the connections prior to accessing the device.
• D. You will not be able to take a bath with this vascular access device.

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

5. The nurse in the medical ICU is caring for a patient who is in respiratory acidosis due to inadequate ventilation. What diagnosis could the patient have that could cause inadequate ventilation?

• A. Endocarditis
• B. Multiple myeloma
• C. Guillain-Barr syndrome
• D. Overdose of amphetamines

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

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