ATI RN
ATI Fluid and Electrolytes
1. Which organ has the greatest effect on fluid output?
- A. Kidneys
- B. Lungs
- C. Skin
- D. Intestines
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the kidneys. The kidneys are primarily responsible for regulating fluid balance by filtering blood and adjusting the volume and concentration of urine. The lungs primarily regulate gas exchange, not fluid balance. The skin plays a role in temperature regulation and protection but is not the primary organ for fluid output. The intestines are mainly involved in the absorption of nutrients and water, rather than fluid output.
2. A nurse teaches a client who is being discharged home with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Which statement should the nurse include in this clients teaching?
- A. avoid carrying your grandchild with the arm that has the central catheter.
- B. Be sure to place the arm with the central catheter in a sling during the day
- C. Flush the peripherally inserted central catheter line with normal saline daily.
- D. You can use the arm with the central catheter for most activities of daily living.
Correct answer: A
Rationale:
3. How would a decrease in blood protein concentration impact the fluid volumes?
- A. increase interstitial fluid volume.
- B. decrease blood plasma volume.
- C. decrease interstitial fluid volume.
- D. increase interstitial fluid volume and decrease blood plasma volume.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A decrease in blood protein concentration would lead to a reduction in osmotic pressure, which is responsible for drawing fluid back into the capillaries. This decrease in osmotic pressure would result in an increase in interstitial fluid volume as fluid moves out of the capillaries, and a decrease in blood plasma volume as less fluid is drawn back into the circulation. Therefore, the correct answer is to increase interstitial fluid volume and decrease blood plasma volume. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not reflect the impact of decreased blood protein concentration on fluid volumes.
4. Which substance dissociates into ions in a water solution?
- A. Intracellular fluid
- B. Interstitial fluid
- C. Plasma
- D. Electrolyte
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Electrolyte.' Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. Intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and plasma are not substances that dissociate into ions in a water solution. Intracellular fluid is the fluid inside cells, interstitial fluid is the fluid between cells, and plasma is the liquid component of blood. These choices do not dissociate into ions in a water solution, unlike electrolytes.
5. You are caring for a patient admitted with a diagnosis of acute kidney injury. When you review your patients most recent laboratory reports, you note that the patients magnesium levels are high. You should prioritize assessment for which of the followin
- A. Diminished deep tendon reflexes
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Cool, clammy skin
- D. Acute flank pain
Correct answer: A
Rationale:
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