ATI RN
ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation
1. You are caring for a 65-year-old male patient admitted to your medical unit 72 hours ago with pyloric stenosis. A nasogastric tube placed upon admission has been on low intermittent suction ever since. Upon review of the mornings blood work, you notice that the patients potassium is below reference range. You should recognize that the patient may be at risk for what imbalance?
- A. Hypercalcemia
- B. Metabolic acidosis
- C. Metabolic alkalosis
- D. Respiratory acidosis
Correct answer: Metabolic alkalosis
Rationale:
2. What is the best description of cultural competence in nursing?
- A. Ignoring cultural differences
- B. Adapting care to cultural needs
- C. Learning about different cultures
- D. Teaching cultural awareness
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Cultural competence in nursing means adapting care to meet the cultural needs of patients. This involves understanding and respecting the cultural differences of individuals to provide effective and appropriate healthcare. Choice A is incorrect because ignoring cultural differences goes against the essence of cultural competence. Choice C is not the best description as cultural competence is more than just learning about different cultures; it is about applying that knowledge in providing care. Choice D is not the best description as teaching cultural awareness is only a part of developing cultural competence, but it also requires practical application in care delivery.
3. Donald is a 61 y.o. man with diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is characterized by:
- A. Periodic rectal hemorrhage.
- B. Hypertension and tachycardia.
- C. Vomiting and elevated temperature.
- D. Crampy and lower left quadrant pain and low-grade fever.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Diverticulitis is characterized by crampy lower left quadrant pain and a low-grade fever.
4. In egalitarian marriages, __________.
- A. there is a clear division of roles
- B. partners share power and authority
- C. the husband is the head of the household
- D. the wife is responsible for family economic well-being
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In egalitarian marriages, the correct answer is B - partners share power and authority. This type of marriage promotes equality and balance, where both spouses have an equal say in decision-making and share responsibilities. Choice A is incorrect because egalitarian marriages aim to reduce traditional role divisions. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a patriarchal structure, which is contrary to the principles of egalitarianism. Choice D is incorrect as it assigns a specific financial role based on gender, which goes against the idea of equal sharing in all aspects of the marriage.
5. A patient with renal insufficiency should limit the intake of which of the following nutrients?
- A. Phosphorus
- B. Potassium
- C. Sodium
- D. Calcium
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In patients with renal insufficiency, impaired kidney function can lead to difficulty in excreting phosphorus. High phosphorus levels can result in further complications such as bone and heart problems. Therefore, limiting the intake of phosphorus is crucial. Potassium and sodium restrictions may also be necessary in renal insufficiency, but the primary concern related to nutrients is phosphorus in this scenario. Calcium, while important for bone health, does not typically need to be restricted in renal insufficiency unless there is a specific medical reason to do so.
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