Nursing Elites

1. You are on morning duty in the medical ward. You have 10 patients assigned to you. During your endorsement rounds, you found out that one of your patients was not in bed. The patient next to him informed you that he went home without notifying the nurses. Which among the following will you do first?

• A. Make an incident report
• B. Call security to report the incident
• C. Wait for 2 hours before reporting
• D. Report the incident to your supervisor

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

2. A client is on a 2,000-calorie American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet and substitutes whole milk with skim milk. Which of the following items can the client add to the oatmeal on his breakfast tray?

• A. One 1/8 teaspoon of salt
• B. One ounce of raisins
• C. One tablespoon of low-fat margarine
• D. One teaspoon of brown sugar

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is one ounce of raisins. Raisins are a healthy option to add to oatmeal as they provide natural sweetness without added sugars. They are a good source of fiber and essential nutrients. Option A, one 1/8 teaspoon of salt, is not necessary for flavoring oatmeal. Option C, one tablespoon of low-fat margarine, may add unnecessary fat to the meal. Option D, one teaspoon of brown sugar, adds extra sugar, which should be limited in a diabetes-friendly diet.

3. Which is NOT a characteristic or function of lipids?

• A. Involved in energy metabolism and storage
• B. Provide insulation and protection
• C. Act as hormones that regulate the body
• D. Are hydrophilic

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Lipids are known for several functions including involvement in energy metabolism and storage (Choice A), providing insulation and protection (Choice B), and acting as hormones that regulate the body (Choice C). However, lipids are not hydrophilic (water-attracting), contrary to choice D. They are actually hydrophobic, meaning they repel water and do not mix well with it. This is a key property that differentiates them from many other biological molecules.

4. What is the term for a state of disequilibrium wherein a person cannot readily solve a problem or situation using their usual coping mechanisms?

• A. Crisis
• B. Mental health
• C. Mental illness
• D. Stress

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In psychological terms, a 'Crisis' refers to a state of disequilibrium wherein a person cannot readily solve a problem or situation even by using his usual coping mechanisms. This is different from 'Mental Illness' (Choice C) which is a more general term for a wide range of mental health conditions that affect mood, thinking and behavior. 'Mental Health' (Choice B) is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. Finally, 'Stress' (Choice D) is a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances, but it does not necessarily disrupt equilibrium to the extent that usual coping mechanisms are ineffective, unlike 'Crisis'.

5. A nurse is assessing a client who reports muscle spasms in his calves and tingling in his hands. The client indicates consuming a low intake of milk products and green leafy vegetables. The nurse should identify that the client's findings indicate a deficiency in which of the following sources of nutrition?

• A. Iron
• B. Omega-3 fatty acids
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Calcium

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Calcium. Muscle spasms and tingling suggest a calcium deficiency, which is commonly associated with a low intake of milk products and green leafy vegetables. Iron (choice A) deficiency typically presents with fatigue and weakness, not muscle spasms and tingling. Omega-3 fatty acids (choice B) are essential for brain function and heart health, but their deficiency does not manifest as muscle spasms and tingling. Vitamin C (choice C) deficiency leads to scurvy with symptoms like bleeding gums and bruising, not muscle spasms and tingling.

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