ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023
1. Can fluid retention cause lab values to be deceptively high, whereas dehydration may cause the values to be deceptively low?
- A. True
- B. False
- C. Not always
- D. Sometimes
Correct answer: B: False
Rationale: The statement is incorrect. Fluid retention generally results in lab values appearing deceptively low, not high, because the excess fluid dilutes the concentration of substances in the blood. Conversely, dehydration can make lab values appear deceptively high as the reduced fluid volume in the body means substances in the blood are less diluted. Choices 'C: Not always' and 'D: Sometimes' are not specific and do not directly address the statement in the question, hence they are incorrect.
2. A client is starting therapy with cisplatin. Which of the following findings should the nurse instruct the client to report?
- A. Tinnitus
- B. Nausea
- C. Constipation
- D. Weight gain
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Tinnitus should be reported by the client as it can be indicative of ototoxicity, an adverse effect associated with cisplatin therapy. Ototoxicity can result in damage to the inner ear structures, leading to hearing problems. Therefore, prompt reporting of tinnitus is essential for early intervention and prevention of potential complications. Nausea, constipation, and weight gain are common side effects of cisplatin but are not typically indicative of serious complications requiring immediate reporting compared to tinnitus.
3. Causes of acute renal failure include:
- A. chronic renal failure
- B. uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
- C. recurrent urinary tract infections
- D. severe injury such as extensive burns
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Severe injuries, like extensive burns, can cause acute renal failure due to shock, reduced blood flow to the kidneys, and tissue damage. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because chronic renal failure, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and recurrent urinary tract infections are more likely to contribute to chronic kidney disease rather than acute renal failure.
4. Which of the following signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to find when assessing an Asian patient for postoperative pain following abdominal surgery?
- A. Decreased blood pressure and heart rate and shallow respirations
- B. Quiet crying
- C. Immobility, diaphoresis, and avoidance of deep breathing or coughing
- D. Changing position every 2 hours
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Immobility, diaphoresis, and avoidance of deep breathing or coughing are common signs of pain.
5. The nurse is teaching a client about the signs of infection after chemotherapy. Which of the following should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Frequent urination
- B. Increased thirst
- C. Chills and shaking
- D. Fever over 100.4°F (38°C)
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In clients undergoing chemotherapy, the immune system is often compromised due to the effects of treatment, making them more susceptible to infections. A fever over 100.4°F (38°C) is considered a critical sign of infection in these patients and requires immediate medical evaluation. Fever may indicate the presence of an infection that could escalate quickly in immunocompromised individuals, so it is vital for patients to recognize this symptom and seek prompt medical attention.