Nursing Elites

1. The purpose of chest percussion and vibration is to loosen secretions in the lungs. The difference between the procedures is:

• A. Percussion uses only one hand, while vibration uses both hands
• B. Percussion delivers cushioned blows to the chest with cupped palms, while vibration gently shakes secretions loose
• C. In both percussion and vibration, the hands are not on top of each other, and hand action is not in tune with the client's breath
• D. Percussion slaps the chest to loosen secretions, while vibration shakes the secretions along with the inhalation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Chest percussion involves the use of rhythmic tapping to dislodge mucus from the lungs, facilitating its movement toward the larger airways where it can be expelled. This technique is particularly important in conditions where mucus retention is a significant risk factor for infection. The key difference between chest percussion and vibration is that percussion involves slapping the chest to loosen secretions, while vibration involves shaking the secretions along with the inhalation, aiding in moving the loosened secretions upwards for easier removal. Choices A, B, and C do not accurately describe the main difference between chest percussion and vibration, making them incorrect.

2. Which statement by a client indicates a need for further teaching about food safety?

• A. I will use the food before the expiration date listed on the package.
• B. I will wash my strawberries before I eat them.
• C. I will drink unpasteurized milk as it has many gut-healthy probiotics.
• D. I will wash my hands after I prepare raw chicken.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because drinking unpasteurized milk can contain harmful bacteria, which poses a risk to food safety. Choice A is correct as it emphasizes using food before the expiration date. Choice B is also correct as washing fruits before consumption is a good food safety practice. Choice D is correct as well since washing hands after handling raw chicken is crucial to prevent cross-contamination. Therefore, choice C is the only statement that indicates a need for further teaching on food safety.

3. What is the medical term for a persistent, abnormal distortion of taste?

• A. Anosmia
• B. Dysgeusia
• C. Xerostomia
• D. Hypogeusia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Dysgeusia, which is a persistent and abnormal distortion of the sense of taste. This condition can be triggered by various factors such as medications or certain diseases. Anosmia, choice A, refers to the loss of the sense of smell, not taste. Xerostomia, choice C, is the medical term for dry mouth, which is not specifically related to a distortion of taste. Hypogeusia, choice D, refers to a reduced ability to taste things, which is not the same as a distortion of the sense of taste.

4. All of the following are electrolytes except:

• A. chloride
• B. potassium
• C. sodium
• D. iron

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Iron is not an electrolyte; electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride help maintain fluid balance and are critical for nerve and muscle function.

5. Which of the following treatments is not recommended for a child classified with no dehydration?

• A. Administering 1,000 ml to 1,400 ml within 4 hours
• B. Continuing feeding
• C. Allowing the child to take as much fluid as he wants
• D. Returning the child to the doctor if the condition worsens

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Continuing feeding is a recommended treatment for a child classified with no dehydration. This helps maintain the child's nutritional status and supports recovery. Options A, C, and D are appropriate interventions for a child with no dehydration. Option A ensures adequate fluid intake, option C promotes hydration, and option D ensures appropriate follow-up if the condition worsens.

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