Nursing Elites

1. Which type of medication is most likely to induce xerostomia?

• A. Antibiotics
• B. Diuretics
• C. Local anesthetics
• D. Anticholinergics

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Anticholinergics. Anticholinergic medications commonly cause xerostomia by inhibiting saliva production, leading to dry mouth. Antibiotics (choice A) are not typically associated with xerostomia. Diuretics (choice B) increase urine production but do not directly affect saliva production. Local anesthetics (choice C) are used to numb specific areas during dental procedures and do not induce xerostomia.

2. What laboratory value would be considered a high-risk measure for coronary heart disease assessment?

• A. triglycerides > 150 mg/dL
• B. BMI > 31
• C. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL
• D. blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: BMI > 31. A BMI over 31 is considered a high-risk factor for coronary heart disease as it indicates obesity, which is strongly linked to cardiovascular issues. Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (choice A) can contribute to heart disease risk but are not as specific as BMI in assessing overall risk. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL (choice C) is actually a desirable level, indicating lower risk. A blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg (choice D) is within normal range and not a high-risk measure specifically for coronary heart disease.

3. Why do older adult female clients need less iron than younger adult female clients?

• A. The need for iron decreases because older female clients produce more red blood cells.
• B. The need for iron decreases with age because older female clients carry oxygen more efficiently.
• C. The need for iron decreases with age because older female clients experience menopause.
• D. The need for iron decreases with age because older female clients exercise more.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Older adult female clients need less iron than younger adult female clients because as women go through menopause, they no longer lose blood through menstruation, leading to a reduced need for iron. Choice A is incorrect because producing more red blood cells does not directly correlate with needing less iron. Choice B is incorrect as carrying oxygen more efficiently does not necessarily decrease the need for iron. Choice D is incorrect as exercising more does not explain the decreased need for iron in older adult female clients.

4. A client is being taught how to follow a low-purine diet for gout management. Which statement indicates the client understands the teaching?

• A. "I will need to limit the number of fruit servings each day."?
• B. "I should avoid eating liver and other organ meats."?
• C. "I can drink only white wine."?
• D. "I should choose red meat instead of poultry."?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Organ meats like liver are high in purines, which can exacerbate gout symptoms. Choosing to avoid such foods is essential in following a low-purine diet. Option A is incorrect because fruits are generally low in purines and are not usually restricted in a low-purine diet. Option C is incorrect as white wine, just like other types of alcohol, should be consumed in moderation or avoided due to its purine content. Option D is incorrect because red meat, including beef and lamb, is high in purines and should be limited in a low-purine diet.

5. A multivitamin supplement containing folic acid is recommended for all young women because of the number of unintentional pregnancies in women 15 to 24 years old.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. A multivitamin with folic acid is recommended for young women due to the high incidence of unplanned pregnancies in this age group.

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