Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following statements is false?

• A. People with a vitamin K deficiency experience increased clotting time
• B. The major function of vitamin E is promoting vision
• C. Vitamin D functions as a hormone
• D. Rich sources of beta-carotene include carrots, sweet potatoes, and butternut squash

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement that the major function of vitamin E is promoting vision is incorrect. Vitamin E primarily acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative damage. Its role is not primarily related to vision, which is a major function of vitamin A. On the other hand, the other options are true. Vitamin K deficiency does indeed lead to increased clotting time, vitamin D functions as a hormone, and carrots, sweet potatoes, and butternut squash are rich sources of beta-carotene.

2. With which of the following should fluoride supplements never be taken?

• A. Water
• B. Juice
• C. Milk
• D. Soda

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fluoride supplements should never be taken with milk because the fluoride binds with the calcium in the milk, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the fluoride supplement. Other beverages like water, juice, or soda do not share this characteristic as they do not contain the same level of calcium as milk. The rationale behind choosing milk as the correct answer is that it hampers the effectiveness of fluoride supplements, whereas the other choices do not.

3. Studies suggest that leukoplakia is resolved by excess vitamin A (a fat-soluble vitamin), retinoids, and beta-carotene. Leukoplakia is a white plaque that forms on oral mucous membranes.

• A. Both statements are true.
• B. Both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Both statements are false. Studies suggest that leukoplakia, a white plaque that forms on oral mucous membranes, can be resolved by vitamin A, retinoids, and beta-carotene. Despite the potential to resolve leukoplakia, relapse is common. Also pertinent, evidence does not indicate that any of these nutrients prevent malignant transformation. The extract provided clarifies that leukoplakia is a white plaque, not an erythematous lesion, and that vitamin A, retinoids, and beta-carotene can help resolve it.

4. Which types of diabetes are characterized by the body's cells becoming resistant to insulin? (Select all that apply)

• A. Gestational diabetes
• B. Type II diabetes
• C. Type I diabetes
• D. Both A and B

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In both gestational diabetes and Type II diabetes, the body's cells become resistant to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Insulin resistance in these types of diabetes prevents glucose from entering the cells, causing it to accumulate in the bloodstream. On the other hand, Type I diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin because the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Therefore, the correct answer is both A and B. Choice C, Type I diabetes, is not characterized by insulin resistance but rather by the body's inability to produce insulin. Therefore, it is incorrect. Choice D, Both A and B, includes the correct options of gestational diabetes and Type II diabetes, making it the correct answer.

5. Is it correct that eliminating sucrose from the diet leads to a significant reduction in dental caries, and that the best advice is to consume sugar in moderation and limit the frequency of sugar exposure?

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The first statement is incorrect because dental caries are not solely caused by sucrose. They are the result of a complex interaction of multiple factors, including the type of bacteria in the mouth, the host's diet, oral hygiene, and salivary flow. The second statement is correct as consuming sugar in moderation and limiting the frequency of sugar exposure are indeed effective strategies to prevent dental caries. Therefore, the answer is option D: The first statement is false; the second is true.

Similar Questions