ATI RN
Psychology 101 Final Exam
1. Which of the following psychodynamic elements of the personality can be described as impulsive and selfish?
- A. Ego
- B. Id
- C. Superego
- D. Ideal self
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Id. In psychodynamic theory, the Id is the component driven by basic, primal instincts, seeking instant gratification without consideration for consequences. It operates on the pleasure principle, aiming to fulfill desires immediately. The Superego, on the other hand, represents the internalized moral standards and ideals, while the Ego mediates between the Id and Superego, balancing impulses with societal norms. The 'Ideal self' is a concept from humanistic psychology related to one's aspirations and goals, not a component in psychodynamic theory. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect.
2. A nurse is assessing a client who is 30 minutes postoperative following an arterial thrombectomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report?
- A. Chest pain
- B. Muscle spasms
- C. Cool, moist skin
- D. Incisional pain
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In a client who is 30 minutes postoperative following an arterial thrombectomy, chest pain is a critical finding that should be reported immediately. Chest pain can indicate serious complications such as myocardial infarction or pulmonary embolism, which require prompt intervention. Muscle spasms and cool, moist skin are not typical signs of immediate concern following an arterial thrombectomy. Incisional pain is expected postoperatively and may not warrant immediate reporting unless accompanied by other concerning symptoms.
3. What organism is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?
- A. Shigella organisms
- B. Salmonella organisms
- C. Giardia lamblia
- D. Escherichia coli
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite known to cause acute diarrhea, often through contaminated water or food. Shigella, Salmonella, and E. coli are bacterial pathogens that also cause diarrhea but are not parasites.
4. What finding is often present in a client with osteoporosis?
- A. Chronic pain
- B. Dupuytren’s contracture
- C. Inflammation
- D. Kyphosis
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Kyphosis is a common finding in osteoporosis due to vertebral compression fractures. Chronic pain (Choice A) can occur in osteoporosis but is not a specific finding. Dupuytren’s contracture (Choice B) is a condition affecting hand fingers' connective tissue, not typically associated with osteoporosis. Inflammation (Choice C) is not a typical finding in osteoporosis but rather a characteristic of other conditions.
5. What information will the nurse include in teaching a female patient who has peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes, and sensory neuropathy of the feet and legs?
- A. Select flat-soled leather shoes
- B. Apply heating pads on a low temperature.
- C. Avoid using callus remover for corns or calluses.
- D. Refrain from soaking feet in warm water for an hour each day.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to select flat-soled leather shoes. Patients with peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes, and sensory neuropathy are at risk for foot injuries due to decreased sensation and poor circulation. Flat-soled leather shoes can help prevent injuries and provide adequate support without causing pressure points. Choice B is incorrect as using heating pads can lead to burns for patients with sensory neuropathy. Choice C is wrong because using callus remover may lead to skin damage for patients with compromised circulation. Choice D is not recommended as soaking feet in warm water can further damage the skin due to decreased sensation.
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