Nursing Elites

1. During which period of psychosexual development does a child become preoccupied with the development of skills and activities?

• A. Genital
• B. Phallic
• C. Latency
• D. Pubertal

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Latency. In the Latency stage of psychosexual development, which occurs from around age 6 to puberty, children are focused on developing skills and engaging in activities rather than exploring sexuality. This period is characterized by the suppression of sexual impulses and the emphasis on social and intellectual pursuits. Choice A, Genital, refers to the final stage of psychosexual development in Freud's theory where individuals reach sexual maturity. Choice B, Phallic, pertains to the stage where children become aware of anatomical differences between boys and girls and develop unconscious sexual desires for the opposite-sex parent. Choice D, Pubertal, is not a recognized stage in Freud's psychosexual development theory.

2. One of Freud's major contributions to current perspectives of mental disorders is ________.

• A. the concept of the Oedipal complex.
• B. the concept of the unconscious and how it can affect behavior.
• C. the concept of the Electra complex.
• D. the understanding of the three structures of personality.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Freud's major contribution to current perspectives of mental disorders is the concept of the unconscious and its influence on behavior. While the Oedipal complex (Choice A) and Electra complex (Choice C) are important psychoanalytic concepts introduced by Freud, they are more focused on childhood psychosexual development rather than mental disorders. The understanding of the three structures of personality (Choice D) refers to Freud's id, ego, and superego model, which is essential in psychoanalytic theory but not specifically related to mental disorders.

3. Etiology refers to ________

• A. a condition that tends to maintain maladaptive behavior.
• B. the causal pattern of a disorder.
• C. a predisposition toward developing a disorder.
• D. a condition that makes it less likely a person will experience the negative consequences of stress.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Etiology refers to the causal pattern of a disorder, explaining the factors contributing to the development of a specific condition. Choice A is incorrect as it describes a condition that maintains maladaptive behavior, which is not the definition of etiology. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to a predisposition, which is more related to risk factors rather than the cause itself. Choice D is incorrect as it discusses a condition that reduces the negative consequences of stress, which is not directly related to the cause of a disorder.

4. Which of the following characteristics best describes differences between bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa?

• A. Individuals with anorexia nervosa do not have as severe health risks as individuals with bulimia nervosa have.
• B. Individuals with bulimia nervosa may have a normal body weight.
• C. Individuals with anorexia nervosa have been known to binge like those with bulimia nervosa on occasion.
• D. Only those with bulimia nervosa display compensatory behaviors.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Individuals with bulimia nervosa may maintain a normal body weight, while anorexia nervosa is often associated with severe underweight. Choice A is incorrect because individuals with anorexia nervosa actually face severe health risks due to malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications. Choice C is incorrect as anorexia nervosa is characterized by restriction of food intake rather than binge eating. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with anorexia nervosa can also display compensatory behaviors such as excessive exercise or fasting.

5. Which perspective or viewpoint focuses on intrapsychic conflicts as the cause of psychopathology?

• A. Biological
• B. Behavioral
• C. Psychodynamic
• D. Sociocultural

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Psychodynamic. The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes the role of intrapsychic conflicts, often related to unconscious processes, in the development of psychopathology. This perspective, founded by Sigmund Freud, suggests that unresolved conflicts from early childhood experiences can manifest as mental health issues. Choice A, Biological, focuses on the physiological aspects of psychopathology, such as genetics and neurobiology. Choice B, Behavioral, looks at how behavior is learned and reinforced. Choice D, Sociocultural, considers the influence of social and cultural factors on mental health.

Similar Questions