ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 2
1. Which of the following is the most likely indication for the use of immunosuppressant agents?
- A. Intractable seizure disorders
- B. Increased intracranial pressure
- C. Organ transplantation
- D. HIV/AIDS with multiple drug resistance
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Organ transplantation. Immunosuppressant agents are commonly used in organ transplant recipients to prevent organ rejection by suppressing the immune system. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Intractable seizure disorders are often managed with antiepileptic drugs, increased intracranial pressure is managed through various means like surgery and medications, and HIV/AIDS with multiple drug resistance is typically treated with antiretroviral therapy, not immunosuppressant agents.
2. A client with Preeclampsia is receiving Magnesium Sulfate IV continuous infusion. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. 2+ deep tendon reflexes
- B. 2+ pedal edema
- C. 24 mL/hr urinary output
- D. Respirations 12/min
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In a client receiving Magnesium Sulfate IV for Preeclampsia, a urinary output less than 25 to 30 mL/hr indicates magnesium sulfate toxicity and should be reported to the provider for further evaluation and management. Choice A, 2+ deep tendon reflexes, is a normal finding with magnesium sulfate therapy. Choice B, 2+ pedal edema, is expected in clients with preeclampsia but does not indicate magnesium sulfate toxicity. Choice D, respirations 12/min, is within the normal range and not a concerning finding related to magnesium sulfate administration.
3. A client with a new diagnosis of heart failure is receiving teaching from a nurse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Limit sodium intake to 4 grams per day.
- B. Weigh yourself daily to monitor for fluid retention.
- C. Drink 2 liters of water each day.
- D. Increase physical activity gradually.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Weighing oneself daily is crucial in monitoring fluid retention, a key aspect in managing heart failure. This helps in detecting early signs of fluid buildup, prompting timely interventions. Choice A is incorrect as the recommended sodium intake for heart failure clients is usually lower, around 2-3 grams daily. Choice C is incorrect because excessive water intake can worsen fluid retention in heart failure. Choice D is incorrect as clients with heart failure should consult healthcare providers before significantly altering their physical activity levels.
4. Today, research that combines an experimental strategy with __________ approach is becoming increasingly common.
- A. both a correlational and a sequential
- B. either a correlational or a sequential
- C. either a longitudinal or a cross-sectional
- D. both a correlational and a longitudinal
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The blank in the statement refers to an approach that can be used in combination with an experimental strategy. Longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches are two common research methods in developmental psychology. Longitudinal studies involve following the same group of individuals over an extended period, while cross-sectional studies compare different groups of individuals of different ages at the same time. By combining an experimental strategy with either a longitudinal or a cross-sectional approach, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of developmental processes and changes over time. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because correlational and sequential are not the most relevant approaches when studying developmental changes over time in research.
5. A nurse is providing teaching to a client with gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I should elevate the head of my bed while sleeping.
- B. I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.
- C. I take my time when I am eating.
- D. I avoid foods and drinks made with chocolate.
Correct answer: I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.' Excessive coffee consumption can aggravate gastroesophageal reflux due to its acidic nature. Choices A, C, and D are all appropriate self-care measures for managing gastroesophageal reflux. Elevating the head of the bed while sleeping helps prevent acid reflux, eating slowly can reduce reflux episodes, and avoiding trigger foods like chocolate can help alleviate symptoms.
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