a patient with osteoporosis is prescribed raloxifene evista what is the expected therapeutic action of this medication

ATI RN

ATI Pathophysiology Test Bank

1. In osteoporosis, what is the expected therapeutic action of raloxifene (Evista)?

A. It decreases bone resorption and increases bone density.
B. It stimulates the formation of new bone.
C. It increases calcium absorption in the intestines.
D. It decreases the excretion of calcium through the kidneys.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Raloxifene works by decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone density. This helps in strengthening bones, reducing the risk of fractures, and improving bone health in patients with osteoporosis. Choice B is incorrect because raloxifene does not directly stimulate the formation of new bone but rather prevents bone loss. Choice C is incorrect as raloxifene does not primarily affect calcium absorption in the intestines. Choice D is also incorrect as raloxifene does not primarily decrease the excretion of calcium through the kidneys.

2. Which of the following are risk factors for hypertension (HTN)?

A. High sugar, low-fat diet
B. Increased physical activity
C. Tobacco use
D. Low-fat diet

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for hypertension (HTN) as it can lead to increased blood pressure. High sugar intake and low-fat diets, as well as increased physical activity, are not directly associated with hypertension. While low-fat diets are generally recommended for overall health, they are not specifically linked to hypertension risk.

3. Which patient is most likely to be diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome II (CRPS II)?

A. A patient who has experienced a spinal cord injury and reports severe, burning pain in his legs.
B. A patient who reports severe pain in her hand following a surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome.
C. A patient who develops pain in his foot following a fracture and immobilization with a cast.
D. A patient who experiences chronic pain and swelling in his arm following a brachial plexus injury.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Complex regional pain syndrome II (CRPS II) typically occurs after an injury to a peripheral nerve. In this case, a brachial plexus injury involves damage to the nerves that control muscles in the arm and hand, leading to chronic pain and swelling. Choices A, B, and C describe pain related to other conditions such as spinal cord injury, carpal tunnel surgery, and fracture immobilization, which are not typically associated with CRPS II.

4. What are the characteristics of the inflammatory process?

A. Loss of function, coolness
B. Pain, redness
C. Heat, pallor
D. Swelling, pallor

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pain, redness. Inflammation is characterized by pain and redness as part of the body's response to tissue injury. Choice A, loss of function and coolness, are not primary characteristics of inflammation. Choice C, heat and pallor, may be present in some cases but are not as consistently associated with inflammation as pain and redness. Choice D, swelling and pallor, includes swelling which is common in inflammation but pallor is not a typical characteristic.

5. An immunology nurse is caring for a patient. While planning care, which principle will the nurse remember? The primary role of IgA1 is to prevent infections in the:

A. Blood
B. Kidneys
C. Lungs
D. Mucous membranes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blood. IgA1 is mainly found in the blood and plays a crucial role in preventing infections by neutralizing pathogens. While IgA1 can be present in other body areas, its primary function is associated with preventing infections in the blood. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as IgA1 is not primarily associated with the kidneys, lungs, or mucous membranes.