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1. Which of the following is a challenge the profession of nursing faced?
- A. Nursing contributing to the stigma of AIDS in the 1980s out of fear.
- B. Nursing practice flourishing in field hospitals during the Korean War with abundant supplies and equipment.
- C. Many nurses feeling frustrated with the lack of independent functioning after the Vietnam War.
- D. A decline in the number of hospice nurses due to ethical dilemmas.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. After the Vietnam War, many nurses felt frustrated with the lack of independent functioning when they returned home. This challenge was faced by the profession of nursing as nurses who functioned independently in mobile hospital units during the war found themselves restricted in their practice upon returning. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific challenge of lack of independent functioning faced by nurses after the Vietnam War.
2. When planning care for a client with vision loss, which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care to assist the client with feeding?
- A. Arrange food in a consistent pattern on the client's plate
- B. Thicken liquids on the client's tray
- C. Provide small-handled utensils for the client
- D. Assign a staff member to feed the client
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When a client has vision loss, arranging food in a consistent pattern on the plate can help them locate and identify different food items more easily. This intervention promotes independence and allows the client to feed themselves with greater ease. Thicking liquids on the tray, providing small-handled utensils, or assigning a staff member to feed the client may not directly address the client's need for assistance with feeding due to vision loss. Thicking liquids is more related to swallowing difficulties, providing small-handled utensils can be helpful for clients with limited dexterity, and assigning a staff member to feed the client may not promote independence.
3. A nurse is evaluating teaching for a client who has heart failure. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I am limiting my sodium intake to 2 grams daily.
- B. I have been weighing myself every other morning.
- C. I am trying to decrease my intake of foods with potassium.
- D. I am eating fewer potato chips and more fruit for snacks.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Limiting sodium intake is crucial for clients with heart failure to manage their condition effectively. Excessive sodium can lead to fluid retention and worsen heart failure symptoms. Weighing oneself is important for monitoring fluid retention but does not directly show an understanding of dietary restrictions. Decreasing potassium intake is not typically recommended for heart failure clients unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider. While choosing healthier snacks is beneficial, the focus on sodium intake is more critical for heart failure management.
4. An RN knows that sometimes, when working through an ethical dilemma, the decision makers are unable to arrive at a mutually agreed upon decision. Which of the following is a reason why an agreement cannot be reached?
- A. One or more of the parties may be able to reconcile their values.
- B. The patient�s point of view is recognized as valuable.
- C. The dilemma involves two or more equally unpleasant choices.
- D. The institution is unable to honor the patient�s request.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: An agreement cannot be reached because the dilemma involves two or more equally unpleasant choices.
5. A client is having difficulty breathing while receiving supplemental oxygen via a nasal cannula in a supine position. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take first?
- A. Suction the client's airway.
- B. Instruct the client to perform incentive spirometry every hour.
- C. Assist the client to an upright position.
- D. Humidify the client's supplemental oxygen.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When a client is experiencing difficulty breathing, the priority intervention is to assist the client to an upright position. This position helps improve ventilation by maximizing lung expansion and promoting better oxygenation. Suctioning the airway may be necessary if there is an obstruction, but repositioning the client is the initial step. Instructing the client to perform incentive spirometry and humidifying oxygen are important interventions but not the first priority in this scenario.
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